ASTM E6-08

Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general definitions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.  
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E 1823.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2008
• ICS: 01.040.19 - Testing (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.91 - Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E6-07b - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM E6-08a - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F1160-14(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Shear and Bending Fatigue Testing of Calcium Phosphate and Metallic Medical and Composite Calcium Phosphate/Metallic Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E604-18 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Tear Testing of Metallic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F1044-05(2017)e1 - Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Calcium Phosphate Coatings and Metallic Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C393/C393M-20 - Standard Test Method for Core Shear Properties of Sandwich Constructions by Beam Flexure
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1273-18 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Strength of Monolithic Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1862-17 - Standard Test Method for the Nominal Joint Strength of End-Plug Joints in Advanced Ceramic Tubes at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1259-21 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced Ceramics by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM B769-11(2021) - Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D5262-21 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Unconfined Tension Creep and Creep Rupture Behavior of Planar Geosynthetics Used for Reinforcement Purposes
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1425-19 - Standard Test Method for Interlaminar Shear Strength of 1D and 2D Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramics at Elevated Temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7337/D7337M-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F2193-20 - Standard Specifications and Test Methods for Components Used in the Surgical Fixation of the Spinal Skeletal System
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C364/C364M-16 - Standard Test Method for Edgewise Compressive Strength of Sandwich Constructions
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E6–08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Methods of Mechanical Testing
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE6;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Term
angular strain see strain
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to
axial strain see strain
methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general defini-
bending strain see strain
chord modulus see modulus of elasticity
tions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make
direct verification see verification
them particularly applicable and practicable for use in stan-
compressive stress see stress
dards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These defini-
elastic constants see modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s
ratio
tions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in
elastic modulus see modulus of elasticity
product specifications.
engineering strain see strain
1.2 Termsrelatingtofatigueandfracturetestingaredefined engineering stress see stress
fracture stress see stress
in Terminology E1823.
indirect verification see verification
linear (tensile or compressive) strain see strain
2. Referenced Documents
macrostrain see strain
2
malleability see ductility
2.1 ASTM Standards:
microstrain see strain
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic
modulus of rigidity see modulus of elasticity
Materials
nominal stress see stress
normal stress see stress
E796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
physical properties see mechanical properties
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Test-
pin see mandrel (in bend testing)
ing plunger see mandrel (in bend testing)
3
principal stress see stress
2.2 ISO Standard:
residual strain see strain
ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 International Vocabulary of
residual stress see stress
metrology—Basic and general concepts and terms (VIM) Rockwell superficial see Rockwell hardness number
hardness number
secant modulus see modulus of elasticity
3. Index of Cross-References and Associated Definitions
shear strain see strain
3.1 The terms listed below are associated with terminology shear stress see stress
static fatigue strength see creep rupture strength
that is fundamental or commonly used. The definition for the
strain gage fatigue life see fatigue life
termofinterestisrelatedtoorisgivenbelowthedefinitionfor
stress-rupture strength see creep rupture strength
the fundamental term cited. tangent modulus see modulus of elasticity
tensile stress see stress
torsional modulus see modulus of elasticity
torsional stress see stress
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
transverse strain see strain
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.91 on
true strain see strain
Terminology except where designated otherwise. A subcommittee designation in
true stress see stress
parenthesesfollowingadefinitionindicatesthesubcommitteewithresponsibilityfor
ultimate tensile strength (UTS) see tensile strength
that definition.
yield strength see also upper yield strength and lower
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally
yield strength
approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E6–07b.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4. Terminology
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 Terms and Definitions:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 accuracy, n—the permissible variation from the correct value.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch. (E28.01)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E6–08
2 2 –1 2
/
alignment, n—the condition of a testing machine and load
HBW 50.10232F/pD[D– ~D – d ! (1)
train (including the test specimen) that influences the intro-
where:
duction of bending moments into a specimen during tensile
F = test force, N,
loading. (E28.04)
D = diameter of ball, mm, and
angle of bend, n—the change in the angle between the two
d = mean diameter of the indentation, mm.
legs of the specimen during a bend test, measured before
(E28.06)
release of the bending forces. (E28.02)
DISCUSSION—In former standards, a steel ball was allowed for
DISCUSSION—The angle of bend is measured before release of the
hardness values belo
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E6–07b Designation:E6–08
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Methods of Mechanical Testing
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE6;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids.The general definitions are
restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or
relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E1823.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E8Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E8MPractice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications 8/E8M Test Methods
for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E796Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications Test Method for
Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
E1823PracticeforUsingSignificantDigitsinTestDatatoDetermineConformancewithSpecifications TerminologyRelating
to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 International Vocabulary of metrology—Basic and general concepts and terms (VIM)
3. Index of Terms
3.1The definitions of the following terms, which are listed alphabetically, appear in the indicated sections of 4.1.
Index of Cross-References and Associated Definitions
3.1 The terms listed below are associated with terminology that is fundamental or commonly used. The definition for the term
of interest is related to or is given below the definition for the fundamental term cited.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.91 on Terminology
except where designated otherwise. A subcommittee designation in parentheses following a definition indicates the subcommittee with responsibility for that definition.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published December 2007. Originally approved 1923. Last previous edition approved 2007 as E6–07a.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published February 2008. Originally approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E6–07b.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Many handbooks use S for section modulus, but Z is preferred since S is so widely used for normal or nominal stress.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E6–08
Term Section
accuracy G
alignment B
angle of bend D
angle of twist B
angular strain see strain
axial strain see strain bearing area
bearing force F
bearing strain F
bearing strength F
bearing stress F
bearing yield strength F
bend test D
bending strain see strain bias, statistical
biaxial stretching D
breaking load B
Brinell hardness number C
Brinell hardness test C
calibration G
calibration factor G
chord modulus see modulus of elasticity
direct verification see verification
compressive strength B
compressive stress see stress
compressometer G
constraint A
creep E
creep recovery E
creep rupture strength E
creep strength E
deep drawing D
deflectometer G
direct verification G
discontinuous yielding B
discontinuous yielding stress B
ductility A
dynamic mechanical measurement G
eccentricity B
edge distance F
edge distance ratio F
elastic calibration device G
elastic constants see modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s
ratio
elastic force-measurement device G
elastic limit A
elastic modulus see modulus of elasticity
elastic true strain A
elongation B
engineering strain see strain
engineering stress see stress
extensometer G
extensometer system G
fatigue ductility D
fati
...