ASTM E1428-15a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Antimicrobials in or on Polymeric Solids Against Staining by Streptomyce species (A Pink Stain Organism) (Withdrawn 2024)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Performance of Antimicrobials in or on Polymeric Solids Against Staining by <i>Streptomyce species </i> (A Pink Stain Organism) (Withdrawn 2024)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Methods such as D3273 Standard Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Chamber and D3274 Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth or Soil or Dirt Accumulation provide means for assessing mold and algal staining on paints.
5.2 This test method provides a technique for evaluating antimicrobials in or on polymeric solids against staining by Streptomyces species, bacteria and should assist in the prediction of performance of treated articles under actual field conditions.
5.3 Conditioning of the specimens, such as exposure to leaching, weathering, and heat treatment, may have significant effects on performance of antimicrobials against staining. Determination of these effects is not included in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to assess susceptibility of flat two dimensional vinyl films and other solid polymer products as well as products that may directly contact vinyl to pink-staining by the actinomycete bacteria Streptomyces species. This test method may not be suitable for highly textured or porous substrates.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for evaluating dark-pigmented test samples.
1.3 A knowledge of microbiological techniques is recommended for these procedures.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method was intended to assess susceptibility of flat two dimensional vinyl films and other solid polymer products as well as products that may directly contact vinyl to pink-staining by the actinomycete bacteria Streptomyces species.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E35 on Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents, this test method was withdrawn in January 2024 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1428 − 15a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Performance of Antimicrobials in or on
Polymeric Solids Against Staining by Streptomyce species (A
1
Pink Stain Organism)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
When certain bacteria and mold species grow on the surface of flexible or “plasticized” polymers,
metabolites such as pigments in the case of certain bacteria and melanin (dark stains from fungal
growth) cause undesirable stains on the polymer surface. Theses stains may persist even after the
surface growth is removed. This test method is used for determining the performance of antimicrobial
agents used in or on synthetic polymeric solids against pink-staining by the actinomycete,
Streptomyces species. This organism has been chosen as an indicator organism, although other
organisms have been known to cause undesirable staining in polymeric solids.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method is intended to assess susceptibility of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
flat two dimensional vinyl films and other solid polymer D3273 TestMethodforResistancetoGrowthofMoldonthe
products as well as products that may directly contact vinyl to Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Cham-
pink-staining by the actinomycete bacteria Streptomyces spe- ber
cies. This test method may not be suitable for highly textured D3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Dis-
or porous substrates. figurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth, or
Soil and Dirt Accumulation
1.2 This test method is not suitable for evaluating dark-
E2756 Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and Antiviral
pigmented test samples.
Agents
1.3 A knowledge of microbiological techniques is recom-
mended for these procedures. 3. Terminology
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard refer to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Terminology E2756.
standard.
3.2 Definitions:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 microbially induced staining—undesirable pigmenta-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tion or disfiguration of an object due to surface colonization by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
certain microorganisms.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Both bacteria and fungi produce meta-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
bolic pigments that can result in surface stains on susceptible
objects.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on
Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agentsand is the direct respon-
2
sibility of Subcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E1428 – 15. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1428-15A. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1428 − 15a
3.2.2 Pink stain organism, n—refers to a staining phenom- 8. Reagents and Materials
ena caused by a metabolic pigment produced by actinomycete 3
8.1 ISP Medium 2 (Yeast Malt Extract Agar) —Prepare this
bacteria specifically, Streptomyces species ATCC 25607 (de-
medium according to manufacturer’s directions. Sabouraud
3
posited as Streptoverticillium reticulum).
Dextrose agar prepared per label directions may also be used
(initiates robust vegetative growth and pigment production).
4. Summary of Test Method
8.2 Inoculum Streptomyces species— ATCC 25607 (depos-
4.1 Test specimens are placed on an agar surface inoculated
4
ited as Streptoverticillium reticulum). Maintain stock cultures
with Streptoverticillium species and incubated. After
on yeast malt extract agar. The stock may be kept for not more
incubation, test specimens are rated visually by percentage of
than 12 months at approximately 3 to 10°C. Subcultures,
sample area stained.
incubated at 29 6 1°C for 7 to 14 days, shal
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1428 − 15 E1428 − 15a
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating the Performance of Antimicrobials in or on
Polymeric Solids Against Staining by Streptomyce species (A
1
Pink Stain Organism)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1428; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
When certain bacteria and mold species grow on the surface of flexible or “plasticized” polymers,
metabolites such as pigments in the case of certain bacteria and melanin (dark stains from fungal
growth) cause undesirable stains on the polymer surface. Theses stains may persist even after the
surface growth is removed. This test method is used for determining the performance of antimicrobial
agents used in or on synthetic polymeric solids against pink-staining by the actinomycete,
Streptomyces species. This organism has been chosen as an indicator organism, although other
organisms have been known to cause undesirable staining in polymeric solids.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended to assess susceptibility of vinyl flat two dimensional vinyl films and other solid polyerpolymer
products as well as products that may directly contact vinyl to pink-staining by the actinomycete bacteria Streptomyces species.
This test method may not be suitable for highly textured or porous substrates.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for evaluating dark-pigmented test samples.
1.3 A knowledge of microbiological techniques is recommended for these procedures.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of Interior Coatings in an Environmental Chamber
D3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by Fungal or Algal Growth, or Soil and Dirt
Accumulation
E2756 Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard refer to Terminology E2756.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 microbially induced staining—undesirable pigmentation or disfiguration of an object due to surface colonization by certain
microorganisms.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agentsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2015May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
E1428 – 99E1428 – 15.(2009). DOI: 10.1520/E1428-15.10.1520/E1428-15A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1428 − 15a
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
Both bacteria and fungi produce metabolic pigments that can result in surface stains on susceptible objects.
3.2.2 Pink stain organism, n—refers to a staining phenomena caused by a metabolic pigment produced by actinomycete bacteria
3
specifically, Streptomyces species ATCC 25607 (deposited as Streptoverticillium reticulum).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Test specimens are placed on an agar surface inoculated with Streptoverticillium species and incubated. After incubation,
test specimens are rated visually by percentage of sample area stained.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Methods such as D3273 Standard Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold on the Surface of Interior Coatings in an
Environmental Chamber and D3274 Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Degree of Surface Disfigurement of Paint Films by
Fungal or Algal Growth or Soil or Dirt Accumulation provide means for assessing mold and algal sta
...
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