ASTM E2756-19
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
Standard Terminology Relating to Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to establish uniformity in terms used in the field of antimicrobial and antiviral agent testing. Terms are adapted from related fields such as regulatory terms defined by law and definitions as supported by test requirements.
1.2 The terms are appropriate to the wide range of interest related to standards developed in the area of antimicrobial and antiviral testing.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2756 − 19
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
DISCUSSION—A statement of bias is not possible because standard
1. Scope
reference materials are not available for most microbiological methods.
1.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to establish
uniformity in terms used in the field of antimicrobial and biofilm, n—microorganisms living in a self-organized commu-
antiviral agent testing. Terms are adapted from related fields nityattachedtosurfaces,interfaces,oreachother,embedded
such as regulatory terms defined by law and definitions as in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances of micro-
supported by test requirements. bial origin, while exhibiting altered phenotypes with respect
to growth rate and gene transcription.
1.2 The terms are appropriate to the wide range of interest
related to standards developed in the area of antimicrobial and
biofouling, n—the unwanted accumulation of organisms
antiviral testing.
and/or their products on surfaces.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
cleaner-sanitizer, n—a physical or chemical agent that re-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
moves soil from an object and reduces numbers of microor-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ganisms on non-food contact surfaces.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
carrier, n—a surrogate surface or matrix that facilitates the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
interaction of test microorganisms and treatment(s).
cell monolayer, n—a single layer of eukaryotic cells typically
2. Terminology
propogated on a glass or plastic surface to which they are
GENERAL ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIVIRAL
securely attached.
TERMS
cleansing wash, n—a procedure intended to remove soil or
accuracy, n—a measure of the degree of conformity of a value
residue.
generatedbyaspecificproceduretotheassumedoraccepted
clastogen, n—an agent that reduces chromosomal breakage.
true value, and includes both precision and bias.
composite sample, n—a series of grab samples integrated into
ambient temperature, n—temperature of the environment in
a single sample or samples collected at specific times and
which a test method is performed.
integrated into a single sample.
antibacterial, adj—describes an agent that kills bacteria or
cooling system, n—equipment and coolant used for the re-
suppresses their growth or reproduction.
moval of heat from processes, equipment, or both.
antimicrobial, adj—describes an agent that kills or inactivates
microorganisms or suppresses their growth or reproduction. cooling water, n—any water-based solution that absorbs and
transfers heat in a heat exchange system.
antiseptic, n—a material for use on living tissue that either
destroys microorganisms or suppresses their growth. cumulative effect, n—a progressively additive reduction in the
numbers of viable microorganisms measured from an estab-
bias, n—a systematic error that contributes to the difference
lished baseline following repeated applications of a material
between the mean of a large number of test results and an
or procedure.
accepted reference value (ASTM Form and Style Manual).
decontaminant, n—a physical or chemical agent or process
that destroys pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microor-
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on
ganisms in/on surfaces or objects.
Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents.
decontamination, n—a procedure that eliminates or reduces
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
contaminants. The usual reference is to reduce potentially
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E2756–18. DOI:
10.1520/E2756–19. harmful or undesirable microorganisms.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2756 − 19
able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing
disinfectant, n—a physical or chemical agent or process that
energy in the form of photons.
destroys pathogenic or potent
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2756 − 18 E2756 − 19
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to establish uniformity in terms used in the field of antimicrobial and antiviral
agent testing. Terms are adapted from related fields such as regulatory terms defined by law and definitions as supported by test
requirements.
1.2 The terms are appropriate to the wide range of interest related to standards developed in the area of antimicrobial and
antiviral testing.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Terminology
GENERAL ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIVIRAL TERMS
accuracy, n—a measure of the degree of conformity of a value generated by a specific procedure to the assumed or accepted true
value, and includes both precision and bias.
ambient temperature, n—temperature of the environment in which a test method is performed.
antibacterial, adj—describes an agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth or reproduction.
antimicrobial, adj—describes an agent that kills or inactivates microorganisms or suppresses their growth or reproduction.
antiseptic, n—a material for use on living tissue that either destroys microorganisms or suppresses their growth.
bias, n—a systematic error that contributes to the difference between the mean of a large number of test results and an accepted
reference value (ASTM Form and Style Manual).
DISCUSSION—
A statement of bias is not possible because standard reference materials are not available for most microbiological methods.
biofilm, n—microorganisms living in a self-organized community attached to surfaces, interfaces, or each other, embedded in a
matrix of extracellular polymeric substances of microbial origin, while exhibiting altered phenotypes with respect to growth rate
and gene transcription.
biofouling, n—the unwanted accumulation of organisms and/or their products on surfaces.
cleaner-sanitizer, n—a physical or chemical agent that removes soil from an object and reduces numbers of microorganisms on
non-food contact surfaces.
carrier, n—a surrogate surface or matrix that facilitates the interaction of test microorganisms and treatment(s).
cell monolayer, n—a single layer of eukaryotic cells typically propogated on a glass or plastic surface to which they are securely
attached.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E35.15 on Antimicrobial Agents.
Current edition approved April 1, 2018Nov. 1, 2019. Published June 2018November 2019. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 20102018 as
E2756–10.–18. DOI: 10.1520/E2756–18.10.1520/E2756–19.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2756 − 19
cleansing wash, n—a procedure intended to remove soil or residue.
clastogen, n—an agent that reduces chromosomal breakage.
composite sample, n—a series of grab samples integrated into a single sample or samples collected at specific times and integrated
into a single sample.
cooling system, n—equipment and coolant used for the removal of heat from processes, equipment, or both.
cooling water, n—any water-based solution that absorbs and transfers heat in a heat exchange system.
cumulative effect, n—a progressively additive reduction in the numbers of viable microorganisms measured from an established
baseline following repeated applications of a material or procedure.
decontaminant, n—a physical or chemical agent or process that destroys pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms
in/on surfaces or objects.
decontamination, n—a procedure that eliminates or reduces contaminants. The usual reference is to reduce potentially harmful
or undesirable microorganisms.
disinfecta
...
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