ASTM D2896-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
Standard Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 New and used petroleum products can contain basic constituents that are present as additives. The relative amounts of these materials can be determined by titration with acids. The base number is a measure of the amount of basic substance in the oil, always under the conditions of the test. It is sometimes used as a measure of lubricant degradation in service; however, any condemning limits must be empirically established.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of basic constituents in petroleum products by titration with perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid.
1.2 Procedures A and B use different titration solvent volumes and sample weights.
Note 1: A round robin on a series of new and used oils and additive concentrates has shown that the two procedures give statistically equivalent results.
1.3 Appendix X2 provides the use of an alternative solvent system which eliminates the use of chlorobenzene in this test method. The use of the alternative solvent gives statistically equivalent results; however, the precision is worse. Paragraph X2.5.5 provides guidance when comparing results using the two different solvents.
1.4 The constituents that may be considered to have basic characteristics include organic and inorganic bases, amino compounds, salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of polyacidic bases, and salts of heavy metals.
Note 2: This test method is applicable to both fresh oils and used oils as described in Sections 16, 17, and 19 and Appendix X1.
1.5 This test method can be used to determine base number >300 mg KOH/g. However, the precision statement in Section 19 has been obtained only on base number ≤300 mg KOH/g.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7, Section 10, and X2.2.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2896 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric
1
Perchloric Acid Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Forspecificwarningstatements,seeSection7,Section10,and
1.1 This test method covers the determination of basic
X2.2.
constituents in petroleum products by titration with perchloric
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
acid in glacial acetic acid.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 Procedures A and B use different titration solvent
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
volumes and sample weights.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
NOTE 1—A round robin on a series of new and used oils and additive
concentrates has shown that the two procedures give statistically equiva-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
lent results.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 Appendix X2 provides the use of an alternative solvent
2
system which eliminates the use of chlorobenzene in this test
2.1 ASTM Standards:
method. The use of the alternative solvent gives statistically
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
equivalent results; however, the precision is worse. Paragraph
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
X2.5.5 provides guidance when comparing results using the
Petroleum Products
two different solvents.
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.4 The constituents that may be considered to have basic
characteristics include organic and inorganic bases, amino
3. Terminology
compounds, salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of poly-
acidic bases, and salts of heavy metals. 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 base number, n—the quantity of a specified acid,
NOTE 2—This test method is applicable to both fresh oils and used oils
expressed in terms of the equivalent number of milligrams of
as described in Sections 16, 17, and 19 and Appendix X1.
potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, required to titrate a
1.5 This test method can be used to determine base number
sample in a specified solvent to a specified endpoint using a
>300mg KOH/g. However, the precision statement in Section
specified detection system.
19 has been obtained only on base number ≤300mg KOH/g.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
4.1 The sample is dissolved in an essentially anhydrous
standard.
mixture of chlorobenzene and glacial acetic acid and titrated
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the with a solution of perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid using
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the potentiometric titrimeter. A glass indicating electrode and a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- reference electrode are used, the latter being connected with
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- the sample solution by means of a salt bridge. The meter
readings are plotted against the respective volumes of titrating
solution, and the end point is taken at the inflection in the
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
resulting curve.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
2
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2896–15. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D2896-21. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
by the cooperating societies in accordance with established procedures. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
--------------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2896 − 15 D2896 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric
1
Perchloric Acid Titration
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2896; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of basic constituents in petroleum products by titration with perchloric acid in
glacial acetic acid.
1.2 Procedures A and B use different titration solvent volumes and sample weights.
NOTE 1—A round robin on a series of new and used oils and additive concentrates has shown that the two procedures give statistically equivalent results.
1.3 Appendix X2 provides the use of an alternative solvent system which eliminates the use of chlorobenzene in this test method.
The use of the alternative solvent gives statistically equivalent results; however, the precision is worse. Paragraph X2.5.5 provides
guidance when comparing results using the two different solvents.
1.4 The constituents that may be considered to have basic characteristics include organic and inorganic bases, amino compounds,
salts of weak acids (soaps), basic salts of polyacidic bases, and salts of heavy metals.
NOTE 2—This test method is applicable to both fresh oils and used oils as described in Sections 16, 17, and 19 and Appendix X1.
1.5 This test method can be used to determine base number >300 mg KOH/g. However, the precision statement in Section 19 has
been obtained only on base number ≤300 mg KOH/g.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7, Section 10, and X2.2.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015Nov. 1, 2021. Published February 2016November 2021. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 20112015
as D2896 – 11.D2896 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/D2896-15.10.1520/D2896-21.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the cooperating societies in accordance with established procedures.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2896 − 21
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 base number—number, n—the quantity of a specified acid, expressed in terms of the equivalent number of milligrams of
potassium hydroxide per gram of sample, required to titrate a sample in a specified solvent to a specified endpoint using a specified
detection system.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample is dissolved in an essentially anhydrous mixture of chlorobenzene and glacial acetic acid and titrated with a
solution of perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid using potentiometric titrimeter. A glass indicating electrode and a reference
electrode are used, the latter being connected with the sample solution by means of a salt bridge. The meter readings are plotted
against the respective volumes of titrating solution, and the end point is taken at the inflection in the re
...
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