ASTM E2289-08
(Guide)Standard Guide for Examination of Rubber Stamp Impressions (Withdrawn 2017)
Standard Guide for Examination of Rubber Stamp Impressions (Withdrawn 2017)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The procedures outlined here are grounded in the generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the field of forensic document examination. By following these procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach an opinion concerning whether two or more impressions have a common origin or if a rubber stamp impression was created by a specific rubber stamp.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (E 444) for examinations and comparisons involving rubber stamps and their impressions.
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examination(s) and comparison(s) is of questioned and known items or of exclusively questioned items.
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will depend upon the nature and sufficiency of the material available for examination.
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of particularly unusual or uncommon examinations.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide provides procedures that should be used by forensic document examiners (Guide E4441) for examinations and comparisons involving rubber stamps and their impressions.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences, this guide was withdrawn in January 2017 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: E2289 − 08
Standard Guide for
1
Examination of Rubber Stamp Impressions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2289; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 coincidental peripheral printing, n—printing resulting
from an impression of unintended printing areas, often on the
1.1 This guide provides procedures that should be used by
periphery, of a stamp. This may be due to the manufacturing
forensic document examiners (Guide E444) for examinations
process or the stamping technique.
and comparisons involving rubber stamps and their impres-
3.2.2 rubber stamp, n—any of a wide variety of hand
sions.
printing devices made of many materials not necessarily
1.2 These procedures are applicable whether the examina-
rubber. Syn.—hand stamp, cachet.
tion(s) and comparison(s) is of questioned and known items or
of exclusively questioned items.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 These procedures include evaluation of the sufficiency
4.1 The procedures outlined here are grounded in the
of the material available for examination.
generally accepted body of knowledge and experience in the
field of forensic document examination. By following these
1.4 The particular methods employed in a given case will
procedures, a forensic document examiner can reliably reach
depend upon the nature and sufficiency of the material avail-
an opinion concerning whether two or more impressions have
able for examination.
a common origin or if a rubber stamp impression was created
1.5 This guide may not cover all aspects of particularly
by a specific rubber stamp.
unusual or uncommon examinations.
5. Interferences
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Items submitted for examination may have inherent
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
limitations that can interfere with the procedures in this guide.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Limitations should be noted and recorded.
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
5.2 Limitations can be due to submission of non-original
documents, limited quantity or comparability, or condition of
2. Referenced Documents
the items submitted for examination (for example, impressions
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
made with over-inked or inadequately inked stamps, partially
E444 Guide for Scope of Work of Forensic Document
imprinted impressions, or variations in surface texture). Such
Examiners
features are taken into account in this guide.
E1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
5.3 The results of prior storage, handling, testing, or chemi-
E2195 Terminology Relating to the Examination of Ques-
calprocessing(forexample,forlatentprints)caninterferewith
tioned Documents
the examination of certain characteristics. Whenever possible,
3. Terminology
document examinations should be conducted prior to any
chemical processing. Items should be handled appropriately to
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms in this guide, refer
avoid compromising subsequent examinations.
to Terminology E1732 and Terminology E2195.
5.4 Consideration should be given to the possibility that a
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
rubber stamp can be manufactured which duplicates the
impressions of another stamp, and that various forms of
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
simulations, imitations, and duplicates of rubber stamps or
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.90 on Executive.
rubber stamp impressions can be generated by computer and
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally
ϵ1
other means.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E2289 – 03 . DOI:
10.1520/E2289-08.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 6. Equipment and Requirements
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 Appropriate light source(s) of sufficient intensity to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. allow fine detail to be distinguished.
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E2289 − 08
NOTE 1—Natural light, incandescent or fluorescent sources, or fiber
cant details have been reproduced with sufficient clarity for
optic lighting systems are generally utilized. Transmitted illumination,
comparison
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