ASTM D3053-15

Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2015
• ICS: 01.040.83 - Rubber and plastics industries (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 83.040.20 - Rubber compounding ingredients
• Technical Committee: D24 - Carbon Black
• Drafting Committee: D24.41 - Carbon Black Nomenclature and Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D3053-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM D3053-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2017
• Referred By: ASTM D8178-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D5596-03(2021) - Standard Test Method for Microscopic Evaluation of the Dispersion of Carbon Black in Polyolefin Geosynthetics
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D8466-22 - Standard Guide for Recovered Carbon Black—Carbon Black Test Methods for Testing rCB
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D6602-13(2022)e1 - Standard Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or Both
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D5817-20 - Standard Practice for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Reduction, Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D1765-23a - Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3053 − 15
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3313 Test Method for Carbon Black—Individual Pellet
Hardness
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological
other readily available sources are not included.
Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Micros-
copy
2. Referenced Documents
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Indi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
vidual Pellet Hardness
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and
D6086 Test Method for Carbon Black—Void Volume (VV)
Attrition
3
(Withdrawn 2015)
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption
Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
Number
D6602 PracticeforSamplingandTestingofPossibleCarbon
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distri-
Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental
bution
Particulate, or Both
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Den-
sity
3. Terminology
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
3.1 Definitions:
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—
DISCUSSION—The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are
Transmittance of Toluene Extract
fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in
morphology.
Rubber Products
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged
of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
Shipments
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggre-
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Ship-
gates of aciniform morphology which are composed of
ments
spheroidal primary particles which exhibit uniformity of
D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass
4
primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and tur-
Strength
bostratic layering within the primary particles.
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption
DISCUSSION—Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological
Number (OAN)
features: particles (that is, primary particles), aggregates, and agglom-
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rub-
erates. While the fundamental building block of carbon black is the
ber
primary particle, they almost never exist in isolation, but are strongly
4
D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
fused by covalent bonds into aggregates. The primary particles are
conceptual in nature, in that once the aggregate is formed the primary
particle no longer exists, they are no longer discrete and have no
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D24 on Carbon
physical boundaries amongst them. Once produced, individual aggre-
Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black
gates join together by van der Waals forces to form agglomerates.
Nomenclature and Terminology.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2015. Published January 2016. Originally
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D3053 – 13a. DOI:
3
10.1520/D3053-15. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or www.astm.org.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM The one exception to this general characteristic of manufactured carbon black
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on is thermal black, in which primary particles may exist in isolation and the primary
the ASTM website. particle sizes within an aggregate are not necessarily uniform.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D3053 − 15
Agglomerates do not break down into smaller components unless DISCUSSION—Tread grade carbon blacks are produced by the oil
adequate force is applied (for example, shear force). Primary particle furnace process. The use of these grades in the rubber industry is not
and aggregate sizes a
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3053 − 13a D3053 − 15
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Carbon Black
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3053; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries.
Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1508 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition
D1509 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Heating Loss
D1510 Test Method for Carbon Black—Iodine Adsorption Number
D1511 Test Method for Carbon Black—Pellet Size Distribution
D1513 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Pour Density
D1514 Test Method for Carbon Black—Sieve Residue
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
D1618 Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—Transmittance of Toluene Extract
D1765 Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products
D1799 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Packaged Shipments
D1900 Practice for Carbon Black—Sampling Bulk Shipments
D1937 Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted—Mass Strength
D2414 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number (OAN)
D2663 Test Methods for Carbon Black—Dispersion in Rubber
D3265 Test Method for Carbon Black—Tint Strength
D3313 Test Method for Carbon Black—Individual Pellet Hardness
D3493 Test Method for Carbon Black—Oil Absorption Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)
D3849 Test Method for Carbon Black—Morphological Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Microscopy
D5230 Test Method for Carbon Black—Automated Individual Pellet Hardness
3
D6086 Test Method for Carbon Black—Void Volume (VV) (Withdrawn 2015)
D6556 Test Method for Carbon Black—Total and External Surface Area by Nitrogen Adsorption
D6602 Practice for Sampling and Testing of Possible Carbon Black Fugitive Emissions or Other Environmental Particulate, or
Both
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
aciniform, adj—shaped like a cluster of grapes.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.41 on Carbon Black
Nomenclature and Terminology.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013Dec. 15, 2015. Published December 2013January 2016. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as
D3053 – 13.D3053 – 13a. DOI: 10.1520/D3053-13A.10.1520/D3053-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
DISCUSSION—
The spheroidal primary particles of carbon black are fused into aggregates of colloidal dimension forming an aciniform morphology.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3053 − 15
carbon black, n—an engineered material, primarily composed of elemental carbon, obtained from the partial combustion or
thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons, existing as aggregates of aciniform morphology which are composed of spheroidal
4
primary particles which exhibit uniformity of primary particle sizes within a given aggregate and turbostratic layering within
the primary particles.
4
The one exception to this general characteristic of manufactured carbon black is thermal black, in which primary particles may exist in isolation and the primary particle
sizes within an aggregate are not necessarily uniform.
DISCUSSION—
Carbon black exhibits a hierarchy of morphological features: particles (that is, primary particles), aggregates, and agglomerates. While the fundamental
4
building block of carbon black is the primary particle, they almost never exist in isolation, but are strongly fused by covalent bonds into aggregates.
The primary particles are conceptual in nature, in that once the aggregate is formed the primary particle no longer exists, they are no longer discrete
and have no physical boundaries amongst them. Once produced, individual aggregates join togethe
...