ASTM C151/C151M-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
Standard Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO, or both, when present in hydraulic cement.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave conditions in this method.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see the section on Safety Precautions.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C151/C151M − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C151/C151M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Mortar, and Concrete
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
conditions in this method.
C856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Concrete
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in Physical Testing
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
of Hydraulic Cements
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic
with the standard.
Cement
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1 Definitions:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.1.1 For definitions pertinent to this test method, see
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Terminology C219.
For specific precaution statements, see the section on Safety
4. Significance and Use
Precautions.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 4.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or
3
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the MgO, or both, when present in hydraulic cement.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5. Interferences
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 5.1 Pozzolans containing fine-grained quartz have been
reported to cause excessive expansion under autoclave test
2. Referenced Documents
conditions due to alkali-silica reaction that will not occur under
4
2
normal service conditions. When excessive expansion of paste
2.1 ASTM Standards:
containing pozzolans occurs, it is recommended that the
C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-
specimens be examined (see Practice C856) for evidence of
mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
alkali-silica reaction (Note 1).
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inor-
NOTE 1—If the excessive expansion has resulted from alkali-silica
ganic Cements
reaction under autoclave conditions, the pozzolan can be evaluated for
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
alkali reactivity using the procedure described in Performance Specifica-
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
tion C1157/C1157M.
C490/C490M Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Deter-
6. Apparatus
mination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste,
6.1 Weighing Devices and Weights, for determining the
mass of materials conforming to the requirements of Specifi-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement
cation C1005.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2023. Published December 2023. Originally
3
approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as C151/C151M – 18. Gonnerman, H. F., Lerch, W. and Whiteside, T. M., “Investigations of the
DOI: 10.1520/C0151_C0151M-23. Hydration Expansion Characteristics of Portland Cements,” Portland Cement
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Association Research Department Bulletin 45, pp. 1–168, 1953.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Wang, H., “Autoclave Soundness Test Mischaracterizes Cement-Fly Ash
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Blends by Introducing Alkali-Quartz Reaction,” Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates,
the ASTM website. Vol 24, No. 2, pp. 68–72, 2002.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, P
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C151/C151M − 18 C151/C151M − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C151/C151M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave conditions
in this method.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see the section on Safety Precautions.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic and Other Inorganic Cements
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C490/C490M Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
Concrete
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions pertinent to this test method, see Terminology C219.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.
Current edition approved April 1, 2018Dec. 1, 2023. Published April 2018December 2023. Originally approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 20162018 as
C151/C151M – 16.C151/C151M – 18. DOI: 10.1520/C0151_C0151M-18.10.1520/C0151_C0151M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C151/C151M − 23
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO, or
3
both, when present in hydraulic cement.
5. Interferences
5.1 Pozzolans containing fine-grained quartz have been reported to cause excessive expansion under autoclave test conditions due
4
to alkali-silica reaction that will not occur under normal service conditions. When excessive expansion of paste containing
pozzolans occurs, it is recommended that the specimens be examined (see Practice C856) for evidence of alkali-silica reaction
(Note 1).
NOTE 1—If the excessive expansion has resulted from alkali-silica reaction under autoclave conditions, the pozzolan can be evaluated for alkali reactivity
using the procedure described in Performance Specification C1157/C1157M.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Weighing Devices and Weights, for determining the mass of materials conforming to the requirements of Specification C1005.
6.2 Glass Graduates, 200 or 250-mL200 mL or 250 mL capacity, and conforming to the requirements of Practi
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.