ASTM A320/A320M-04
(Specification)Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. The term "bolting material" as used in this specification covers rolled, forged, or strain hardened bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts. The bars shall be hot-wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine that the material can conform to these requirements before parts are manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to meet the Table 2 impact energy values at -150°F [-101°C], additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P and S contents than might normally be supplied) in the chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required.
Note 1—The committee formulating this specification has included several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtainable.
1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered in Section 9 and the nut material shall be impact tested.
1.4 Supplementary Requirements (S1, S2, and S3) of an optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when specified in the inquiry, contract and order.
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 320/A 320M – 04
Standard Specification for
Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low-
1
Temperature Service
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA320/A320M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered in
2 Section 9 and the nut material shall be impact tested.
1.1 This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials
1.4 Supplementary Requirements (S1, S2, and S3) of an
for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-
optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when
temperatureservice.Theterm“boltingmaterial”asusedinthis
specified in the inquiry, contract and order.
specification covers rolled, forged, or strain hardened bars,
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts. The bars shall be hot-
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
grinding or by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the pur-
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
chaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
thoroughly understood.
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and
beusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthe
austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and
cation.
low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements
of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum
2. Referenced Documents
mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes,
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
energyabsorption.Themanufacturershoulddeterminethatthe
Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure or High-Temperature
material can conform to these requirements before parts are
Service, or Both
manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to
A370 TestMethodsandDefinitionsforMechanicalTesting
meet the Table 2 impact energy values at −150 °F [−101 °C],
of Steel Products
additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P
A962/A962M Specification for Common Requirements
and S contents than might normally be supplied) in the
forSteelFastenersorFastenerMaterials,orBoth,Intended
chemical composition forAISI 4340 are likely to be required.
for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep
NOTE 1—The committee formulating this specification has included
Range
several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the
E566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting
present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by
of Ferrous Metals
the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users
F436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may
2.2 ANSI Standards:
restrictthemaximumsizeatwhichtherequiredmechanicalpropertiesare
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obtainable.
B1.1 Screw Threads
4
B18.22.1 Plain Washers
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
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A01.22onSteelForgingsandWroughtFittingsforPipingApplicationsandBolting For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A320/A320M-03. the ASTM website.
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For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Specifi- Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
cation SA-320 in Section II of that Code. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*ASummary of Changes section app
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