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ASTM D86-04a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as natural gasolines, light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, 1-D and 2-D regular and low sulfur diesel fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.Note 1
Interlaboratory consensus test data have been obtained in the last few years under the CS92 program. The statistical equivalency between the manual and the automated procedure is currently under study, based on data from this program obtained between 1994 and 1998.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2004
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.08 - Volatility
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D86-04 - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D86-04b - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7719-21a - Standard Specification for High Aromatic Content Unleaded Hydrocarbon Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6201-19a - Standard Test Method for Dynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D268-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings and Material
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4625-21 - Standard Test Method for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 °C (110 °F)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4814-23 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7589-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignition Engine<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D524-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4737-21 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM E769-22 - Standard Test Methods for Odor of Methanol, Ethanol, <emph type="ital">n</emph>-Propanol, and Isopropanol
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7665-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7826-23a - Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7320-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004

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ASTM D86-04a - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 86 – 04a
Standard Test Method for
1
Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 86; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
2
1. Scope* 2.2 ASTM Standards:
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of
D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to
ucts (Reid Method)
determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of
D 2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
such products as natural gasolines, light and middle distillates,
(15-Theoretical Plate Column)
automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, aviation gasolines,
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
aviation turbine fuels, 1-D and 2-D regular and low sulfur
Petroleum Products
diesel fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits,
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
Petroleum Products
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate
D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
quantities of residual material.
D 5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated
ucts (Automatic Method)
instruments.
D 5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
NOTE 1—Interlaboratory consensus test data have been obtained in the
ucts (Mini Method)
last few years under the CS92 program. The statistical equivalency
D 5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
between the manual and the automated procedure is currently under study,
ucts (Mini Method-Atmospheric)
based on data from this program obtained between 1994 and 1998.
D 5949 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are
(Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method)
to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
D 5950 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
are provided for information only.
(Automatic Tilt Method)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 5985 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Rotational Method)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mometers
E 1272 Specification for Laboratory Glass Graduated Cyl-
2. Referenced Documents
inders
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
E 1405 Specification for Laboratory Glass Distillation
agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent
Flasks
edition of the standards indicated below, unless otherwise
3
2.3 Energy Institute Standards:
specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules
IP 69 Determination of Vapour Pressure—Reid Method
where earlier versions of the method(s) identified may be
IP 123 Petroleum Products—Determination of Distillation
required.
Characteristics
IP 394 Determination of Air Saturated Vapour Pressure
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
D02.08 on Volatility.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
the ASTM website.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004. Originally
3
Available from the Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, W1G
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 86-04.
7AR, UK.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D86–04a
IP Standard Meth
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ASTM D2890-23(Test Method)
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5.1 Heat capacities obtained by this method are those at atmospheric pressure. However, because the temperature range is low, the calculated values are similar to saturated liquid heat capacities in the temperature-pressure range required for most engineering design.
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1.1 This test method covers the calculation of liquid heat capacity, Btu/lb · °F (kJ/kg · K), at atmospheric pressure, of petroleum fuels for which distillation data may be obtained in accordance with Test Method D86 without reaching a decomposition point prior to obtaining 90 % by volume distilled.  
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5.1 The boiling range distribution of light and medium petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining process, This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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1.2 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum distillates containing low molecular weight components (for example, naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils). Materials containing heterogeneous components (for example, alcohols, ethers, acids or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D7096, D2887, D6352, or D7169.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D6792-23c(Practice)
Standard Practice for Quality Management Systems in Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants Testing Laboratories

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the establishment and maintenance of the essentials of a quality management system in laboratories engaged in the analysis of petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants. It is designed to be used in conjunction with Practice D6299.
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ASTM D1159-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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SCOPE
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Bromine Number, max3    
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10  
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1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use Caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location.  
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5.1 The solvent extractables in a wax may have significant effects on several of its properties such as strength, hardness, flexibility, scuff resistance, coefficient of friction, coefficient of expansion, melting point, and staining characteristics. Whether these effects are desirable or undesirable depends on the intended use of the wax.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
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5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important quality characteristic since color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases the color may serve as an indication of the degree of refinement of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outside the established range can indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide to product quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.  
Note 1: For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color − 16, see Test Method D1500.  
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
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ASTM D7152-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
5.4 Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations.  
5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
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ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    35 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off