ASTM D7076-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Few standards exist to objectively determine flax quality. Shive is the woody core of the stem and has an important effect on quality determination. Shive content will vary depending on the stage of processing and can determine in what products the fiber can be used. Spectroscopic data provide an accurate, precise and rapid determination of the amount of shive in flax fiber.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible are drawn from the material from which the disputed test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. These results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a possibility level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method gives data on shive content of retted flax fiber which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the net amount of manufacturing fiber obtainable from retted flax fiber; (2) along with other measurements, predicting the quality of flax products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) adjusting processing machinery for maximum efficiency in cleaning; and (4) relating shive content to end-product quality and processing efficiency.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shives in retted flax.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D7076–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7076; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shives in
that are as homogeneous as possible are drawn from the
retted flax.
material from which the disputed test results were obtained,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each labora-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
tory. These results from the two laboratories should be com-
standard.
pared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a possibility
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
known bias.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 This test method gives data on shive content of retted
2. Referenced Documents
flax fiber which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the
2
net amount of manufacturing fiber obtainable from retted flax
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fiber;(2)alongwithothermeasurements,predictingthequality
D6798 Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen
of flax products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3)
3. Summary of Test Method
adjusting processing machinery for maximum efficiency in
cleaning; and (4) relating shive content to end-product quality
3.1 The sample to be evaluated is to be ground and the
and processing efficiency.
resulting mixture placed in the appropriate NIR cell and the
spectra taken.
5. Apparatus
3.2 The data will then be compared to a reference file and
5.1 Grinder—SPEX 8000 mixer mill or equivalent instru-
the value of shive reported as weight percent.
ment for the initial grinding.
4. Significance and Use
5.2 NIRSystems Model 6500 Monochrometer or equivalent
instrument—Reference spectra scanned over the range 400 to
4.1 Few standards exist to objectively determine flax qual-
2498 nm at 2 nm intervals and stored as log (1/R), where R is
ity. Shive is the woody core of the stem and has an important
reflectance. Standard 50 mm diameter black minicup with a
effect on quality determination. Shive content will vary de-
quartz window is used and equipped with a 15 mm i.d. spacer
pending on the stage of processing and can determine in what
ring if sample size is limited.
products the fiber can be used. Spectroscopic data provide an
accurate, precise and rapid determination of the amount of
6. Hazards
shive in flax fiber.
6.1 When handling or grinding any flax material a breathing
4.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
mask should be worn.
tween reported test results for two or more laboratories,
comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
7.1 For acceptable testing, take a lot sample from shipping
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
container as directed in an applicable specification, or as
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Flax and Linen.
agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
7.2 Take measurements at a minimum of five sites within a
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7076–05. DOI:
10.1520/D7076-09.
sample, and three measurements at each site. Means of the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
three replicates constitute the site reading. For each specimen,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
report means of the five sites.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
7.3 Sample Handling and Preparation:
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7076–09
TABLE 1 Summary of Precision and Bias Analysis for Fineness TABLE 2 Mean, Standard Deviation and Within-Laboratory
A
Option 1 Repeatability Limits for Ana
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7076–05 Designation:D7076–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7076; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shives in retted flax.
1.2Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pounds are to be regarded separately as a standard. The values stated in
eachsystemmaynotbeexactlyequivalent;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfrom
the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6798Terminology Related to Flax and Linen
D 6798 Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample to be evaluated is to be ground and the resulting mixture placed in the appropriate NIR cell and the spectra
taken.
3.2 The data will then be compared to a reference file and the value of shive reported as weight percent.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Few standards exist to objectively determine flax quality. Shive is the woody core of the stem and has an important effect
on quality determination. Shive content will vary depending on the stage of processing and can determine in what products the
fiber can be used. Spectroscopic data provide an accurate, precise and rapid determination of the amount of shive in flax fiber.
4.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative
tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
assistance.As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible are drawn from the material from which the disputed
test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. These results from the two laboratories
should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a possibility level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found,
either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of
the known bias.
4.2 This test method gives data on shive content of retted flax fiber which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the net
amount of manufacturing fiber obtainable from retted flax fiber; (2) along with other measurements, predicting the quality of flax
products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) adjusting processing machinery for maximum efficiency in cleaning; and (4)
relating shive content to end-product quality and processing efficiency.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Grinder—SPEX 8000 mixer mill or equivalent instrument for the initial grinding.
5.2 NIRSystems Model 6500 Monochrometer or equivalent instrument—Reference spectra scanned over the range 400 to 2498
nmat2nmintervalsandstoredaslog(1/R),whereRisreflectance.Standard50mmdiameterblackminicupwithaquartzwindow
is used and equipped with a 15 mm i.d. spacer ring if sample size is limited.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Flax and Linen.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published February 2005.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7076–05.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7076–09
6. Hazards
6.1 When handling or grinding any flax m
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7076–05 Designation:D7076–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7076; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shives in retted flax.
1.2Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pounds are to be regarded separately as a standard. The values stated in
eachsystemmaynotbeexactlyequivalent;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfrom
the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D6798Terminology Related to Flax and Linen
D 6798 Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample to be evaluated is to be ground and the resulting mixture placed in the appropriate NIR cell and the spectra
taken.
3.2 The data will then be compared to a reference file and the value of shive reported as weight percent.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Few standards exist to objectively determine flax quality. Shive is the woody core of the stem and has an important effect
on quality determination. Shive content will vary depending on the stage of processing and can determine in what products the
fiber can be used. Spectroscopic data provide an accurate, precise and rapid determination of the amount of shive in flax fiber.
4.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative
tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
assistance.As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible are drawn from the material from which the disputed
test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. These results from the two laboratories
should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a possibility level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found,
either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of
the known bias.
4.2 This test method gives data on shive content of retted flax fiber which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the net
amount of manufacturing fiber obtainable from retted flax fiber; (2) along with other measurements, predicting the quality of flax
products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) adjusting processing machinery for maximum efficiency in cleaning; and (4)
relating shive content to end-product quality and processing efficiency.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Grinder—SPEX 8000 mixer mill or equivalent instrument for the initial grinding.
5.2 NIRSystems Model 6500 Monochrometer or equivalent instrument—Reference spectra scanned over the range 400 to 2498
nmat2nmintervalsandstoredaslog(1/R),whereRisreflectance.Standard50mmdiameterblackminicupwithaquartzwindow
is used and equipped with a 15 mm i.d. spacer ring if sample size is limited.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Flax and Linen.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published February 2005.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7076–05.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7076–09
6. Hazards
6.1 When handling or grinding any flax m
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.