ASTM R0030-

• Abstract:

  SCOPE; This manual is intended to supplement, not in any way to supersede, the various ASTM test methods for sampling and testing aggregate and freshly mixed and hardened portland-cement concrete. The manual was prepared by Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and has been accepted by the Society for publication as information only. The manual is not a part of the ASTM methods. Comments and suggestions on the manual will be welcomed by Committee C09.; Many specifications for aggregates and concrete are based on the results of ASTM methods of testing and therefore strict adherence to the requirements of the test methods is important. Improper use of test procedures can result in inaccurate data and mistaken conclusions about aggregate and concrete quality. Accordingly, this manual directs attention to many of the factors that might affect the results of the tests.; This manual does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of these standards to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

• Status: Published
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.97 - Manual of Testing

Overview

ASTM R0030- Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing serves as a comprehensive informational resource for sampling and testing of aggregates and both freshly mixed and hardened portland-cement concrete. Developed by the ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, this manual is meant to supplement ASTM standard test methods rather than override them. The manual is published for informational purposes only and is intended to help laboratory personnel, field inspectors, and engineers properly administer test procedures as referenced in ASTM standards. Maintaining strict adherence to standardized testing requirements is emphasized, as improper procedures may lead to inaccurate data and affect the assessment of material quality.

Key Topics

• Availability of Standards: Guidance on sourcing the latest ASTM standards and ensuring laboratory personnel have current references.
• Personnel and Laboratory Evaluation: Outlines the necessity for qualified personnel, laboratory accreditation, and compliance with standards such as ASTM E329 and C1077.
• Testing Procedures: Reviews key ASTM test methods and associated technical practices for aggregate and concrete testing, including:
  • Unit weight and voids in aggregate (C29/C29M)
  • Making and curing concrete specimens in the field and laboratory (C31/C31M, C192/C192M)
  • Compressive and flexural strength (C39/C39M, C78/C78M, C496/C496M)
  • Air content and slump tests (C173/C173M, C231/C231M, C143/C143M)
  • Sieve analysis, specific gravity, absorption, and moisture content (C117, C127, C128, C136, C566)
• Sampling and Terminology: Proper methods of sampling aggregates and fresh concrete are discussed, including references to relevant ASTM practices (D75/D75M, C172/C172M).
• Use of Equipment and Safety: Recommendations on apparatus use and essential safety precautions in aggregate and concrete laboratories.
• Accreditation and Certification: Information about proficiency programs, certification of technicians, and laboratory inspection services offered by organizations like CCRL, AASHTO Re:source, NRMCA, and more.

Applications

The manual is designed for professionals engaged in aggregate and concrete testing within construction, infrastructure, transportation, and materials manufacturing sectors. Practical applications include:

• Quality Control: Supporting concrete and aggregate production by verifying material quality and compliance to project specifications.
• Construction Inspection: Enabling building code officials, special inspectors, and materials engineers to conduct standardized field and laboratory tests.
• Research and Development: Assisting research institutions in applying consistent test methods for innovation and product validation.
• Training Resource: Serving as an educational guide for new laboratory technicians and quality assurance staff.

Strict adherence to established ASTM test methods ensures reliability in the assessment of aggregates, fresh concrete, and hardened concrete properties, such as compressive strength, air content, moisture content, and workability.

Related Standards

Many of the practices and procedures described in the manual closely reference or require compliance with specific ASTM standards, including but not limited to:

• C29/C29M - Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
• C31/C31M - Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
• C39/C39M - Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• C78/C78M / C293/C293M - Flexural Strength of Concrete
• C117 / C136 - Sieve Analysis and Fines Content in Aggregates
• C127 / C128 - Specific Gravity and Absorption
• C138/C138M / C173/C173M / C231/C231M - Air Content and Density of Concrete
• C143/C143M - Slump Test for Hydraulic Cement Concrete
• C192/C192M - Laboratory Specimen Preparation
• C172/C172M - Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete

For a comprehensive application, users are encouraged to consult the full array of referenced ASTM standards in conjunction with this manual.

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Keywords: aggregate testing, concrete testing, ASTM standards, portland-cement concrete, laboratory procedures, field testing, material quality, sample preparation, compressive strength, air content, flexural strength, moisture content, quality control, construction inspection, ASTM Committee C09.

R0030–19 Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing
INTRODUCTION
Thismanualisintendedtosupplement,notinanywaytosupersede,thevariousASTMtestmethods
for sampling and testing aggregate and freshly mixed and hardened portland-cement concrete. The
manualwaspreparedbyCommitteeC09onConcreteandConcreteAggregatesandhasbeenaccepted
by the Society for publication as information only. The manual is not a part of the ASTM methods.
Comments and suggestions on the manual will be welcomed by Committee C09.
Many specifications for aggregates and concrete are based on the results of ASTM methods of
testing and therefore strict adherence to the requirements of the test methods is important. Improper
use of test procedures can result in inaccurate data and mistaken conclusions about aggregate and
concretequality.Accordingly,thismanualdirectsattentiontomanyofthefactorsthatmightaffectthe
results of the tests.
This manual does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
It is the responsibility of the user of these standards to establish appropriate safety and health
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
The subjects covered in the manual appear in the following order:
Sections
Availability of Standards 1
Qualification of Personnel and Laboratory Evaluation 2
Additional Test Requirements and Related Tests 3
Samples 4
Terminology 5
Testing Apparatus 6
Safety Precautions 7
Inspection of Laboratory 8
Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate 9
(C29/C29M)
Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field 10
(C31/C31M)
Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens 11
(C39/C39M)
Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete 12
(C42/C42M)
Surface Moisture in Fine Aggregate 13
(C70)
Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point 14
Loading (C78/C78M)
Materials Finer than 75 µm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates 15
by Washing (C117)
Specific Gravity and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate 16
(C127)
Specific Gravity and Absorption of Fine Aggregate 17
(C128)
Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates 18
(C136)
Unit Weight, Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete 19
(C138/C138M)
Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete 20
(C143/C143M)
Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete 21
(C157/C157M)
Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete 22
(C172/C172M)
This manual is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.97 on
Manual of Testing.
Published as information, October 1965; revised 1967, 1969, 1977, 1978, 1983, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019.
R0030–19 Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing
Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method 23
(C173/C173M)
Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory 24
(C192/C192M)
Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Frequencies 25
of Concrete Specimens (C215)
Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method 26
(C231/C231M)
Bleeding of Concrete 27
(C232/C232M)
Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Center- 28
Point Loading) (C293/C293M)
Time of Setting of Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance 29
(C403/C403M)
Molds for Forming Concrete Test Cylinders Vertically 30
(C470/C470M)
Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens 31
(C496/C496M)
Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in 32
the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes (C511)
Total Evaporable Moisture Content of Aggregate by Drying 33
(C566)
Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens 34
(C617/C617M)
Resistance of Concrete to Rapid Freezing and Thawing 35
(C666/C666M)
Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size 36
(C702/C702M)
Measuring Early Age Compressive Strength and Projecting Later 37
Age Strength (C918/C918M)
Temperature of Freshly Mixed Concrete 38
(C1064/C1064M)
Use of Unbonded Caps in Determination of Compressive Strength 39
of Hardened Concrete Cylinders (C1231/C1231M)
Measuring Length of Concrete Cores 40
(C1542/C1542M)
Sampling Aggregates 41
(D75/D75M)
Testing Self Consolidating Concrete 42
(C1610/C1610M, C1611/C1611M,
C1621/C1621M, C1712,
C1758/C1758M)
Force Verification of Testing Machines 43
(E4)
1. AVAILABILITY OF STANDARDS older standard because of some provision it contains that does
not appear in later editions.
Copies of the current Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol
04.02—Concrete and Mineral Aggregates, should be readily
2. QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNELAND
available to all laboratory workers and inspectors in the field.
LABORATORY EVALUATION
Vol 04.01—Cement; Lime; Gypsum contains the Manual on
There is increasing emphasis and a requirement in many
Cement Testing which includes valuable information on pro-
cases by building codes, political jurisdictions and job speci-
cedures and apparatus. New editions of ASTM standards
fications that personnel, laboratories, and plants which test,
should be reviewed promptly for changes so that procedures
1 inspect, or produce materials or do construction work be
can be kept current.
approved, registered, licensed, inspected, certified, or accred-
1.1 Construction specifications may refer to ASTM stan-
ited in various ways.
dards either with or without the year designation. If the year
2.1 ASTM Specification E329, for Use in the Evaluation of
designation is given, the standard bearing that designation
Agencies Engaged in Construction Inspection and/or Testing,
should be used. If the year designation is not given, normally
and Practice C1077, forTesting Concrete and ConcreteAggre-
the standard in effect at the time the bidding documents are
gate for Use in Construction and Criteria for Laboratory
issued is the one which is used unless the job specifications
Evaluation, identify and define the duties, responsibilities and
state otherwise. Sometimes the job specifications might state
requirements for personnel and equipment used in the testing
that the standard in effect at the time bids are received, or the
and inspection of concrete and related materials.
contractisawarded,orthecurrentstandardshouldbeused.Job
specifications should be checked to determine that the correct
standard is used, should there be differences. Unfortunately,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sometimes job specifications refer toASTM standards that are
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
obsolete and several years out of date. It is possible in some
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
such cases that the specification writer might wish to use an the ASTM website.
R0030–19 Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing
2.2 The Cement and Concrete Reference Laboratory can Concrete Institute (ACI), Portland Cement Association
3 13 14
(CCRL), under the sponsorship of ASTM Committees C01 (PCA), the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI),
8 9 15
and C09, and administered byASTM and National Institute of WACEL, WABO, and International Code Council (ICC).
Standards and Technology (NIST), formerly the National 2.5 Other programs offer inspections, accreditation, and/or
Bureau of Standards, has a laboratory inspection service (for certifications. National Ready Mixed Concrete Association
details of this service, see Section 8) for concrete and concrete (NRMCA) offers an inspection and certification program of
aggregates. CCRL also has a proficiency sample program for concrete plants and trucks. IAS offers accreditation for
concrete, cement and pozzolans. Identical samples of material Fabricator Inspection Program for Precast/Prestressed Con-
are issued to participating laboratories who test the material crete Plants and for IBC Special Inspection Agencies. PCI
and report the results to CCRL. These results are statistically offers a plant certification program for manufacturers of
analyzed and a final report issued to the participating labora- precast/prestressed concrete. WABO offers “Special Inspec-
toriesincludingaratingoftheirresultsascomparedtoallother tion Agency” accreditation to concrete special inspection
laboratoriesreturningdata.Asimilarreferencesampleprogram agencies and “Plant/Fabricator” certifications to precast/
exists for aggregates. This program, conducted by an organi- prestressed concrete manufacturers.
zation jointly administered by the Highway Subcommittee on
3. ADDITIONAL TEST REQUIREMENTS AND
materials of the American Association of State Highway and
RELATED TESTS
Transportation Officials (AASHTO) and NIST, is called the
AASHTO Re:source (formerly AMRL).
3.1 Test Method C29/C29M Unit Weight and Voids in
Aggregate
2.3 TheStandardPracticeforLaboratoriesTestingConcrete
and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria 3.1.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the follow-
ing test methods, specifications, or practices:
for Laboratory Evaluation (C1077) requires the use of an
evaluation authority. A number of evaluation authorities for 3.1.1.1 Practice D75/D75M Sampling Aggregates.
3.1.1.2 Practice C702/C702M Reducing Samples ofAggre-
concrete testing laboratories exist. To assist the laboratory in
locating an evaluation authority the following list of organiza- gate to Testing Size.
3.1.1.3 Specification E11 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and
tions is provided. The list is merely a collection of organiza-
tions willing to provide this service and is not an endorsement Test Sieves.
3.1.1.4 PracticeC1077AgenciesTestingConcreteandCon-
of any particular organization. Others not listed may be able to
provide this service. The Cement and Concrete Reference crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
Testing Agency Evaluation.
Laboratory (CCRL); the AASHTO Accreditation Program
3.1.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
(AAP), the National Voluntary Accreditation Program (NV-
the following test methods and practices:
LAP), the Construction Materials Engineering Council
3.1.2.1 Test Method C127 Relative Density (Specific Grav-
(CMEC), the American Association for Laboratory Accredi-
ity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate.
tation(A LA), WACEL,anAssociationofEngineeringLabo-
3.1.2.2 Test Method for C128 Relative Density (Specific
ratories,InspectionAgenciesandBuildingOfficial(WACEL),
Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate.
Washington Association of Building Officials (WABO), and
3.2 Practice C31/C31M Making and Curing Concrete
InternationalAccreditation Service (IAS) all offer the evalu-
Test Specimens in the Field
ation authority service for concrete and concrete aggregate
3.2.1 Requires performing the following additional tests:
testing laboratories mentioned in the practice.
3.2.1.1 Test Method C143/C143M Slump of Hydraulic-
2.4 A number of technician certification programs also
Cement Concrete, or Test Method C1611/C1611M Test
exist. These include the following: National Institute for
Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete.
Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET), Ameri-
3.2.1.2 Test Method C173/C173M Air Content of Freshly
Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method, or Test Method
C231/C231M Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
CementandConcreteReferenceLaboratory(CCRL),4441BuckeystownPike,
Pressure Method.
Suite C, Frederick, MD 21704, http://www.ccrl.us.
4 3.2.1.3 Test Method C1064/C1064M Temperature of
AASHTO Re:source (formerly AMRL), 4441 Buckeystown Pike, Suite A,
Frederick, MD 21704, http://www.aashtoresource.org. Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete.
National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP), National
3.2.2 Requires conformance to all or portions of the follow-
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, M/S 2140, Gaithersburg,
ing test methods, specifications, or practices:
MD 20899, http://www.nist.gov/nvlap.
Construction Materials Engineering Council (CMEC), 2779 Apopka Blvd,
Suite 1, Apopka, FL 32703, http://www.cmec.org.
7 12
American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A LA), 5301 Buckey- American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI
stown Pike, Suite 350, Frederick, MD 21704, http://www.a2la.org. 48333-9094, http://www.concrete.org.
8 13
WACEL, 7508 Wisconsin Avenue, 4th Floor, Bethesda, MD 20814, http:// Portland Cement Association (PCA), 5420 Old Orchard Road, Skokie, IL
www.wacel.org. 60077, http://www.cement.org.
9 14
Washington Association of Building Officials (WABO), P.O. Box 7310, Precast/Prestressed Concrete (PCI), 200 W. Adams St., #2100, Chicago, IL
Olympia, WA 98507, http://www.wabo.org. 60606, http://www.pci.org.
10 15
International Accreditation Service, Inc. (IAS), 5360 Workman Mill Road, International Code Council (ICC), 500 New Jersey Ave., NW, 6th Floor,
Whittier, CA 90601, http://www.iasonline.org. Washington, DC 20001, http://www.iccsafe.org.
11 16
National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET), National Ready Mix Concrete Association (NRMCA), 900 Spring Street,
1420 King Street, Alexandria, VA, 22314, http://www.nicet.org. Silver Spring, MD 20910, http://www.nrmca.org.
R0030–19 Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing
3.2.2.1 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed 3.4.1 Requires performing the following additional tests:
Concrete.
3.4.1.1 Test Method C174/C174M Measuring Thickness of
3.2.2.2 SpecificationC470/C470MMoldsforFormingCon- Concrete Elements Using Drilled Concrete Cores or Test
crete Test Cylinders Vertically. MethodC1542/C1542MMeasuringLengthofConcreteCores.
3.2.2.3 Specification C511 Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
3.4.1.2 Strength Tests:
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of
(1) Test Method C39/C39M Compressive Strength of
Hydraulic Cements and Concretes.
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, or
3.2.2.4 PracticeC1077AgenciesTestingConcreteandCon-
(2) Test Method C78/C78M Flexural Strength of Concrete
crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
(Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading), or
Testing Agency Evaluation.
(3)TestMethodC496/C496MSplittingTensileStrengthof
3.2.3 May also require performance of or conformance to
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
the following test methods and practices:
3.4.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.2.3.1 Test Method C138/C138M Density (Unit Weight),
the following test methods and practices:
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete.
3.4.2.1 Practice C617/C617M Capping Cylindrical Con-
3.2.3.2 Practice C1758/C1758M Fabricating Test Speci-
crete Specimens.
mens with Self-Consolidating Concrete.
3.4.2.2 TestMethodC642Density,Absorption,andVoidsin
3.2.3.3 Specification C330/C330M LightweightAggregates
Hardened Concrete.
for Structural Concrete.
3.4.2.3 Practice C1231/C1231M Use of Unbonded Caps in
3.2.3.4 Practice C617/C617M Capping Cylindrical Con-
Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cylindri-
crete Specimens.
cal Concrete Specimens.
3.2.3.5 Test Method C403/C403M Time of Setting of Con-
3.5 Test Method C70 Surface Moisture in Fine Aggre-
crete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance.
gate
3.3 Test Method C39/C39M Compressive Strength of
3.5.1 May also require performance of or conformance to
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
the following test methods and practices:
3.3.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the follow-
3.5.1.1 Test Method C128 Relative Density (Specific Grav-
ing test methods, specifications or practices:
ity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate.
3.3.1.1 Practice C617/C617M Capping Cylindrical Con-
3.5.1.2 Test Method C566 Total Evaporable Moisture Con-
crete Specimens or Practice C1231/C1231M Use of Unbonded
tent of Aggregate by Drying.
Caps in Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened
3.6 Test Method C78/C78M Flexural Strength of Con-
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
crete Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading
3.3.1.2 PracticeC1077AgenciesTestingConcreteandCon-
3.6.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the follow-
crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
ing test methods, specifications, or practices:
Testing Agency Evaluation.
3.6.1.1 PracticeC1077AgenciesTestingConcreteandCon-
3.3.1.3 PracticesE4ForceVerificationofTestingMachines.
crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
3.3.1.4 PracticeE74CalibrationofForce-MeasuringInstru-
Testing Agency Evaluation.
ments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines.
3.6.1.2 PracticesE4ForceVerificationofTestingMachines.
3.3.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.6.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
the following test methods and practices:
the following test methods and practices:
3.3.2.1 Practice C31/C31M Making and Curing Concrete
3.6.2.1 Practice C31/C31M Making and Curing Concrete
Test Specimens in the Field.
Test Specimens in the Field.
3.3.2.2 Test Method C42/C42M Obtaining and Testing
3.6.2.2 Test Method C42/C42M Obtaining and Testing
Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete.
Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete.
3.3.2.3 Practice C192/C192M Making and Curing Concrete
3.6.2.3 Practice C192/C192M Making and Curing Concrete
Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
3.3.2.4 TestMethodC873/C873MCompressiveStrengthof
3.6.2.4 Practice C617/C617M Capping Cylindrical Con-
Concrete Cylinders Cast in Place in Cylindrical Molds.
crete Specimens.
3.3.2.5 PracticeC943MakingTestCylindersandPrismsfor
3.7 Specification C94/C94M Ready-Mixed Concrete
Determining Strength and Density of Preplaced-Aggregate
3.7.1 Requires performing the following additional tests:
Concrete in the Laboratory.
3.7.1.1 Practice C31/C31M Making and Curing Concrete
3.3.2.6 Practice C1176/C1176M Making Roller-Compacted
Test Specimens in the Field.
Concrete in Cylinder Molds Using a Vibrating Table.
3.3.2.7 Practice C1435/C1435M Molding Roller- 3.7.1.2 Test Method C39/C39M Compressive Strength of
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
Compacted Concrete in Cylinder Molds Using a Vibrating
Hammer. 3.7.1.3 Test Method C138/C138M Density (Unit Weight),
3.3.2.8 Test Method C1604/C1604M Obtaining andTesting Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete.
Drilled Cores of Shotcrete. 3.7.1.4 Test Method C143/C143M Slump of Hydraulic-
3.4 Test Method C42/C42M Obtaining and Testing CementConcrete,orTestMethodC1611/C1611MSlumpFlow
Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete of Self-Consolidating Concrete.
R0030–19 Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing
3.7.1.5 Test Method C173/C173M Air Content of Freshly 3.9.2.2 Practice D75/D75M Sampling Aggregates.
Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method, or Test Method
3.9.2.3 Specification E11 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and
C231/C231M Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
Test Sieves.
Pressure Method.
3.9.3 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.7.1.6 Test Method C1064/C1064M Temperature of
the following test methods and practices:
Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete.
3.9.3.1 Test Method C128 Relative Density (Specific Grav-
3.7.2 Requires conformance to all or portions of the follow-
ity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate.
ing test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.9.3.2 Test Method C136/C136M Sieve Analysis of Fine
3.7.2.1 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed
and Coarse Aggregates.
Concrete.
3.9.3.3 Specification C330/C330M LightweightAggregates
3.7.2.2 SpecificationC470/C470MMoldsforFormingCon-
for Structural Concrete.
crete Test Cylinders Vertically.
3.9.3.4 Specification C332 Lightweight Aggregates for In-
3.7.2.3 Specification C511 Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
sulating Concrete.
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of
3.10 Test Method C128 Specific Gravity andAbsorption
Hydraulic Cements and Concretes.
of Fine Aggregate
3.7.2.4 PracticeC1077AgenciesTestingConcreteandCon-
3.10.1 Requires performing the following additional tests:
crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
3.10.1.1 TestMethodC566TotalEvaporableMoistureCon-
Testing Agency Evaluation.
tent of Aggregate by Drying.
3.7.3 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.10.2 Requires conformance to all or portions of these test
the following test methods and practices:
methods, specifications, or practices:
3.7.3.1 Test Method C29/C29M Bulk Density (“Unit
3.10.2.1 Practice C702/C702M Reducing Samples of Ag-
Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate.
gregate to Testing Size.
3.7.3.2 Test Method C188 Density of Hydraulic Cement.
3.10.2.2 Practice D75/D75M Sampling Aggregates.
3.7.3.3 Specification C330/C330M LightweightAggregates
3.10.3 May also require performance of or conformance to
for Structural Concrete.
the following test methods and practices:
3.7.3.4 Test Method C403/C403M Time of Setting of Con-
3.10.3.1 Test Method C188 Density of Hydraulic Cement.
crete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance.
3.10.3.2 Specification C330/C330M Lightweight Aggre-
3.7.3.5 Practice C617/C617M Capping Cylindrical Con-
gates for Structural Concrete.
crete Specimens or Practice C1231/C1231M Use of Unbonded
3.10.3.3 Specification C332 Lightweight Aggregates for
Caps in Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened
Insulating Concrete.
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
3.10.3.4 Test Methods D854 Specific Gravity of Soil Solids
3.7.3.6 Practice C1758/C1758M Fabricating Test Speci-
by Water Pycnometer.
mens with Self-Consolidating Concrete.
3.11 Test Method C136 Sieve Analysis of Fine and
3.7.3.7 PracticesE4ForceVerificationofTestingMachines.
Coarse Aggregates
3.7.3.8 PracticeE74CalibrationofForce-MeasuringInstru-
3.11.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
ments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Machines.
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.8 Test Method C117 Materials Finer than 75 µm (No.
3.11.1.1 Practice C702/C702M Reducing Samples of Ag-
200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
gregate to Testing Size.
3.8.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the follow-
3.11.1.2 Practice D75/D75M Sampling Aggregates.
ing test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.11.1.3 Specification E11 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth
3.8.1.1 Practice C702/C702M Reducing Samples ofAggre-
and Test Sieves.
gate to Testing Size.
3.11.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.8.1.2 Practice D75/D75M Sampling Aggregates.
the following test methods and practices:
3.8.1.3 Specification E11 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and
3.11.2.1 TestMethodC117MaterialsFinerthan75-µm(No.
Test Sieves.
200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing.
3.8.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.11.2.2 Specification C637 Aggregates for Radiation-
the following test methods and practices:
Shielding Concrete.
3.8.2.1 Test Method C136/C136M Sieve Analysis of Fine
3.12 Test Method C138/C138M Unit Weight, Yield, and
and Coarse Aggregates.
Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
3.9 Test Method C127 Specific Gravity and Absorption
3.12.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
of Coarse Aggregate
following test methods, specifications or practices:
3.9.1 Requires performing the following additional tests:
3.12.1.1 Test Method C29/C29M Bulk Density (“Unit
3.9.1.1 Test Method C566 Total Evaporable Moisture Con-
tent of Aggregate by Drying. Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate.
3.9.2 Requires conformance to all or portions of the follow- 3.12.1.2 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed
Concrete.
ing test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.9.2.1 Practice C702/C702M Practice for Reducing 3.12.1.3 Test Method C231/C231M Air Content of Freshly
Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size. Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method.
R0030–19 Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing
3.12.2 May also require performance of or conformance to 3.17 Practice C192/C192M Making and Curing Con-
the following test methods and practices: crete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
3.12.2.1 Specification C150/C150M Portland Cement. 3.17.1 Requires performing the following additional tests:
3.12.2.2 Test Method C188 Density of Hydraulic Cement. 3.17.1.1 Test Method C70 Surface Moisture in FineAggre-
3.12.2.3 Practice C1758/C1758M Fabricating Test Speci- gate or Test Method C566 Total Evaporable Moisture Content
of Aggregate by Drying.
mens with Self-Consolidating Concrete.
3.13 Test Method C143/C143M Slump of Hydraulic 3.17.1.2 Test Method C127 Relative Density (Specific
Cement Concrete Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate.
3.17.1.3 Test Method C128 Relative Density (Specific
3.13.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
following test methods, specifications, or practices: Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate.
3.13.1.1 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed 3.17.1.4 Test Method C143/C143M Slump of Hydraulic-
Concrete. Cement Concrete.
3.13.2 May also require performance of or conformance to 3.17.1.5 Test Method C1064/C1064M Temperature of
Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete.
the following test methods and practices:
3.13.2.1 Test Method D638 Tensile Properties of Plastics. 3.17.2 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
3.14 TestMethodC157/C157MLengthChangeofHard- following test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.17.2.1 Specification C511 Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabi-
ened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
3.14.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the nets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes.
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.17.3 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.14.1.1 Practice C192/C192M Making and Curing Con-
crete Test Specimens in the Laboratory. the following test methods and practices:
3.17.3.1 Test Method C138/C138M Density (Unit Weight),
3.14.1.2 Practice C305 Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic
Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency. Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete.
3.14.1.3 Practice C490/C490M Use of Apparatus for the 3.17.3.2 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed
Concrete.
Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste,
Mortar, and Concrete. 3.17.3.3 Test Method C173/C173M Air Content of Freshly
Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method.
3.14.1.4 Specification C511 Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabi-
nets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the 3.17.3.4 Test Method C231/C231M Air Content of Freshly
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes. Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method.
3.14.1.5 Specification E11 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth 3.17.3.5 Specification C330/C330M Lightweight Aggre-
and Test Sieves. gates for Structural Concrete.
3.14.1.6 Test Method E337 Measuring Humidity with a 3.17.3.6 Test Method C403/C403M Time of Setting of
Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem- Concrete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance.
peratures). 3.17.3.7 Practice C617/C617M Capping Cylindrical Con-
3.14.2 May also require performance of or conformance to crete Specimens.
the following test methods and practices:
3.17.3.8 Practice C1077 Agencies Testing Concrete and
3.14.2.1 Test Method C143/C143M Slump of Hydraulic- Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
Cement Concrete. Testing Agency Evaluation.
3.14.2.2 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed 3.18 Test Method C215 Fundamental Transverse, Lon-
Concrete. gitudinal, and Torsional Frequencies of Concrete Speci-
mens
3.15 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed
Concrete 3.18.1 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.15.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the the following test methods and practices:
following test methods, specifications, or practices: 3.18.1.1 Practice C31/C31M Making and Curing Concrete
Test Specimens in the Field.
3.15.1.1 Specification E11 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth
and Test Sieves. 3.18.1.2 Test Method C42/C42M Obtaining and Testing
3.16 Test Method C173/C173M Air Content of Freshly Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete.
Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method 3.18.1.3 Practice C192/C192M Making and Curing Con-
3.16.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the crete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
following test methods, specifications, or practices: 3.18.1.4 Terminology E1316 Nondestructive Examinations
3.16.1.1 Test Method C29/C29M Bulk Density (“Unit 3.19 Test Method C231/C231M Air Content of Freshly
Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate. Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
3.16.1.2 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed 3.19.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
Concrete. following test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.16.2 May also require performance of or conformance to 3.19.1.1 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed
the following test methods and practices: Concrete.
3.16.2.1 Test Method C231/C231M Air Content of Freshly 3.19.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method. the following test methods and practices:
R0030–19 Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing
3.19.2.1 Test Method C138/C138M Density (Unit Weight), 3.23.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete. following test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.19.2.2 Practice C192/C192M Making and Curing Con- 3.23.1.1 Specification C33/C33M Concrete Aggregates.
3.23.1.2 Practice C1077 Agencies Testing Concrete and
crete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
3.20 Test Method C232/C232M Bleeding of Concrete
Testing Agency Evaluation.
3.20.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
3.23.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
the following test methods and practices:
3.20.1.1 Test Method C29/C29M Bulk Density (“Unit
3.23.2.1 Practice C31/C31M Making and Curing Concrete
Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate.
Test Specimens in the Field.
3.20.1.2 Test Method C138/C138M Density (Unit Weight),
3.23.2.2 Practice C192/C192M Making and Curing Con-
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete.
crete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
3.20.1.3 Specification E11 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth
3.23.2.3 D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod
and Test Sieves.
Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
3.20.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.23.2.4 Test Method D570 Water Absorption of Plastics.
the following test methods and practices:
3.24 Test Method C496/C496M Splitting Tensile
3.20.2.1 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed
Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
Concrete.
3.24.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
3.20.2.2 Practice C192/C192M Making and Curing Con-
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
crete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
3.24.1.1 Practice C31/C31M Making and Curing Concrete
3.21 Test Method C293/C293M Flexural Strength of
Test Specimens in the Field or Practice C192/C192M Making
Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Center-Point Loading)
and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
3.21.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
3.24.1.2 Test Method C39/C39M Compressive Strength of
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
3.21.1.1 Practice C31/C31M Making and Curing Concrete
3.24.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
Test Specimens in the Field or Practice C192/C192M Making
the following test methods and practices:
and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
3.24.2.1 Test Method C42/C42M Obtaining and Testing
3.21.1.2 Practice C617/C617M Capping Cylindrical Con-
Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete.
crete Specimens.
3.25 Specification C511 Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms,
3.21.1.3 Practice C1077 Agencies Testing Concrete and
and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
Cements and Concretes
Testing Agency Evaluation.
3.25.1 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.21.1.4 Practices E4 Force Verification of Testing Ma-
the following test methods and practices:
chines.
3.25.1.1 Terminology C51 Terminology Relating to Lime
3.22 Test Method C403/C403M Time of Setting of Con-
and Limestone (as used by the Industry).
crete Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
3.25.1.2 Test Method E77 Inspection and Verification of
3.22.1 Requires performing the following additional tests:
Thermometers.
3.22.1.1 Test Method C143/C143M Slump of Hydraulic-
3.26 Test Method C566Total Evaporable Moisture Con-
Cement Concrete.
tent of Aggregate by Drying
3.22.1.2 Test Method C173/C173M Air Content of Freshly
3.26.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method or Test Method
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
C231/C231M Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the
3.26.1.1 Practice D75/D75M Sampling Aggregates.
Pressure Method.
3.26.1.2 Specification E11 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth
3.22.2 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
and Test Sieves.
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.26.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.22.2.1 Practice C172/C172M Sampling Freshly Mixed
the following test methods and practices:
Concrete or Practice C192/C192M Making and Curing Con-
3.26.2.1 Test Method C29/C29M Bulk Density (“Unit
crete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate.
3.22.2.2 Specification E11 Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth
3.26.2.2 Test Method C127 Relative Density (Specific
and Test Sieves.
Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate or Test Method
3.22.2.3 Specification E2251 Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Ther-
C128 Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of
mometers with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids.
Fine Aggregate.
3.22.3 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.27 Practice C617/C617M Capping Cylindrical Con-
the following test methods and practices:
crete Specimens
3.22.3.1 Test Method D1558 Moisture Content Penetration 3.27.1 Requires performing the following additional tests:
Resistance Relationships of Fine-Grained Soils.
3.27.1.1 Test Method C109/C109M Compressive Strength
3.23 SpecificationC470/C470MMoldsforFormingCon- of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
crete Test Cylinders Vertically Specimens).
R0030–19 Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing
3.27.2 May also require performance of or conformance to 3.30.3.2 Practice C1768/C1768M Accelerated Curing of
the following test methods and practices: Concrete Cylinders.
3.31 Practice C1231/C1231M Use of Unbonded Caps in
3.27.2.1 Test Methods C472 Physical Testing of Gypsum,
Gypsum Plasters and Gypsum Concrete Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Con-
crete Cylinders
3.28 Test Method C666/C666M Resistance of Concrete
to Rapid Freezing and Thawing 3.31.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.28.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
3.31.1.1 Practice C31/C31M Making and Curing Concrete
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
Test Specimens in the Field or Practice C192/C192M Making
3.28.1.1 Practice C192/C192M Making and Curing Con-
and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
crete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
3.31.1.2 Test Method C39/C39M Compressive Strength of
3.28.1.2 Test Method C215 Fundamental Transverse, Lon-
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
gitudinal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Concrete
3.31.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
Specimens.
the following test methods and practices:
3.28.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.31.2.1 Test Method C42/C42M Obtaining and Testing
the following test methods and practices:
Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete.
3.28.2.1 Test Method C233/C233M Air-Entraining Admix-
3.31.2.2 Classification System D2000 Rubber Products in
tures for Concrete.
Automotive Applications.
3.28.2.2 Guide C295/C295M Petrographic Examination of
3.32 Test Method C1542/C1542M Measuring Length of
Aggregates for Concrete.
Concrete Cores
3.28.2.3 Practice C341/C341M Preparation and Condition-
3.32.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
ingofCast,Drilled,orSawedSpecimensofHydraulic-Cement
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
Mortar and Concrete Used for Length Change Measurements.
3.32.1.1 Test Method C42/C42M Obtaining and Testing
3.28.2.4 Practice C490/C490M Use of Apparatus for the
Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete or Test Method
Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste,
C1604/C1604M Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores of Shot-
Mortar, and Concrete.
crete.
3.28.2.5 Specification C494/C494M Chemical Admixtures
3.33 Practice D75/D75M Sampling Aggregates
for Concrete.
3.33.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
3.28.2.6 Practice C823/C823M Examination and Sampling
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
of Hardened Concrete in Constructions.
3.33.1.1 Practice C702/C702M Reducing Samples of Ag-
3.29 Practice C702/C702M Reducing Samples ofAggre-
gregate to Testing Size.
gate to Testing Size
3.33.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.29.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
the following test methods and practices:
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
3.33.2.1 Practice D3665 Random Sampling of Construction
3.29.1.1 Practice D75/D75M Sampling Aggregates.
Materials.
3.29.2 May also require performance of or conformance to
3.34 Practices E4 ForceVerification ofTesting Machines
the following test methods and practices:
3.34.1 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
3.29.2.1 Test Method C128 Relative Density (Specific
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
Gravity) and Absorption of Fine Aggregate.
3.34.1.1 Practices E74 Calibration of Force-Measuring In-
3.30 Test Method C918/C918M Measuring Early Age
struments for Verifying the Force Indication of Testing Ma-
Compressive Strength and Projecting Later Age Strength
chines.
3.30.1 Requires performing the following additional tests:
3.30.1.1 Test Method C39/C39M Compressive Strength of 4. SAMPLES
Cylindrical Concrete Specimens.
Although this manual is primarily concerned with testing,
3.30.2 Requires conformance to all or portions of the
some brief remarks about sampling are necessary. Sampling is
following test methods, specifications, or practices:
discussedinmoredetailinlatersectionsandin ASTM STP169
3.30.2.1 Practice C31/C31M Making and Curing Concrete
B, Significance of Tests and Properties of Concrete and
Test Specimens in the Field or Practice C192/C192M Making
Concrete Making Materials. No amount of testing will yield
and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory.
correct answers if the samples are carelessly taken and do not
3.30.2.2 Specification C470/C470M Molds for Forming
representthematerialsampled.Itisbetternottotestamaterial
Concrete Test Cylinders Vertically.
improperly sampled because erroneous conclusions can be
3.30.2.3 Practice C617/C617M Capping Cylindrical Con-
drawn from the test results. In any sampling system there are
crete Specimens or Practice C1231/C1231M Use of Unbonded
perhaps four stages, each of which requires careful attention
Caps in Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened
and planning: (1) selection of a sampling plan which will
Concrete Cylinders
providethegreatestamountofinformationattheleastcost;(2)
3.30.3 May also require performance of or conformance to
physical selection or gathering of samples in accordance with
the following test methods and practices: predetermined procedures for the preselected locations; (3)
3.30.3.1 Practice C1074 Estimating Concrete Strength by testing; and (4) analysis of the data obtained. The first and last
the Maturity Method. of these four items are those that are most often neglected.
R0030–19 Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing
Practice D75/D75M, Sampling Aggregates, and Practice (10) Shook, J. F., “Significance of Test Results Obtained
C172/C172M, Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete, provide from Random Samples,” ASTM STP 362, 1964, p. 13
information needed to obtain the samples, but do not discuss
(11) Duncan, A. J., “An Introduction to Acceptance Sam-
the problem of developing a specific sampling plan. Strictly
pling Plans,” ASTM Standardization News, Vol 3, No. 9,
speaking, there is no such thing as a representative sample.All
September 1975, p. 10
materialsaresubjecttoperiodicvariation.Differentshipments,
(12) Duncan, A. J., “What Sampling Plan to Use,” ASTM
lots,truckloads,carloads,orbatchesfromagivensupplywill
Standardization News, Vol 3, No. 9, Sept., 1975, pp. 15–19
varytosomeextent.Inaddition,thematerialcomprisinganyof
(13) Hahn, G. J. and Schilling, E. G., “An Introduction to
the specific units will seldom be precisely homogeneous.
the MIL-STD-105D Acceptance Sampling Scheme,” ASTM
However, a successful sampling plan can establish the average
Standardization News, Vol 3, No. 9, Sept., 1975, pp. 20–30
characteristic of the material and determine the nature and
(14) Abdun-Nur, E.A., “Significance of Tests and Proper-
extent of variability.As data become available it is possible to
ties of Concrete and Concrete-Making Materials,” ASTM STP
detecttrendsanddecideifchangesinproductionproceduresor
169B, pp. 5–23
processesarerequiredtodelivermaterialsofacceptablequality
Additional information is given in ASTM test methods and
with reasonably low percentages of defective or substandard
specifications, and in publications of the Federal Government,
material. Prior to starting of construction, a statistical or
Corps of Engineers, and Bureau of Reclamation.
probabilitysamplingplanshouldbedevelopedandinstructions
furnished to inspectors. Since the amount and nature of the 4.2 Samples must be adequately identified and shipped in
variations may be unknown, it will be necessary to take
clean, strong containers. Samples of cement should be shipped
samples more frequently at the start. Later, after patterns are
in moisture-proof containers, packed in a suitable shipping
revealed, it should be possible to decrease sampling frequency
box. For coarse aggregate samples, heavy cloth bags or other
unless or until excessive variation develops. Inspectors must
durable containers are suitable, but in any case the instructions
take samples in the manner, at the time, and from the location
of the supervising official should be followed. Bags or boxes
specified in the sampling plan if conclusions based on the data
for samples containing fine materials must be tight enough to
are to be of value. The purpose of statistical sampling is to
prevent the loss of the “fines.” If the moisture content of a
obtain results typical of the lot. Samples should not be biased
sample is important, the container must be moisture tight.
byproceduresthatintentionallyselecteitherthebestorpoorest
Containers must be clean. Samples must not be placed in
materials. Representative samples upon which the acceptance
“used” sacks that contain residues of undesirable or injurious
or rejection of a material is based should be taken by the
material,suchassugar,flour,orcertainsackpreservatives.The
purchaser’s authorized agent.
sizing in some new sacks can contaminate damp sand samples
4.1 Thefundamentalsofprobabilitysamplinghavebeenset and entrain small percentages of air if the sand is used in
forth by ASTM Committee E11. The coal and ore industries, concrete.
who have many problems similar to those found in the
4.3 The sample container should be labeled or tagged to
aggregate field, have developed practical approaches that can
convey the necessary information. A duplicate label that will
be adapted to the concrete field. The following references are
not rot or mildew should be placed in the container. A
useful:
transmitting letter should be sent to the laboratory with a copy
(1) ASTM Practice E105, for Probability Sampling of of the letter inside the sample container if possible. Tags and
Materials
letters should contain all the data requested or deemed perti-
nent. If the sample container has a removable top, the identi-
(2) ASTM Practice E122, for Choice of Sample Size to
fying marking must be placed on, or connected to, the body of
Estimate the Average Quality of a Lot or Process
thecontainer,notonthetop.(Topsmaybecomeinterchanged.)
(3) ASTM Practice E141, for Acceptance of Evidence
If certain samples are later transferred to laboratory storage
Based on the Results
...