ASTM D2717-95(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The thermal conductivity of a substance is a measure of the ability of that substance to transfer energy as heat in the absence of mass transport phenomena. It is used in engineering calculations that relate to the manner in which a given system can react to thermal stresses.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal conductivity of nonmetallic liquids. It is applicable to liquids that are: (1) chemically compatible with borosilicate glass and platinum; (2) moderately transparent or absorbent to infrared radiation; and (3) have a vapor pressure less than 200 torr at the temperature of test.
1.1.1 Materials that have vapor pressures of up to 345 kPa (50 psia), absolute can be tested provided that adequate measures are taken to repress volatilization of the sample by pressurizing the thermal conductivity cell. The usual safety precautions for pressure vessels shall be followed under these circumstances.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D2717–95 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2717; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
TABLE 1 Selected Conversion Factors for Thermal Conductivity
1. Scope
To Convert From To Multiply By
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthethermal
cal/s·cm·°C w/cm·°C 4.184
conductivity of nonmetallic liquids. It is applicable to liquids
cal/s·cm·°C kcal/h·m·°C 360
that are: (1) chemically compatible with borosilicate glass and
cal/s·cm·°C Btu·in./h·ft ·°F 2903
platinum; (2) moderately transparent or absorbent to infrared
w/cm·°C cal/s·cm·°C 0.2389
w/cm·°C kcal/h·m·°C 86.00
radiation;and(3)haveavaporpressurelessthan200torratthe
w/cm·°C Btu·in./h·ft ·°F 693.7
temperature of test.
kcal/h·m·°C cal/s·cm·°C 0.002778
1.1.1 Materials that have vapor pressures of up to 345 kPa
kcal/h·m·°C W/cm·°C 0.01163
kcal/h·m·°C Btu·in./h·ft ·°F 8.064
(50 psia), absolute can be tested provided that adequate
Btu·in./h·ft ·°F cal/s·cm·°C 0.0003445
measures are taken to repress volatilization of the sample by
Btu·in./h·ft ·°F W/cm·°C 0.001442
pressurizing the thermal conductivity cell. The usual safety
Btu·in./h·ft ·°F kcal/h·m·°C 0.1240
precautions for pressure vessels shall be followed under these
circumstances.
3.1.1 The energy units used in this test method are defined
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
as follows:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
1 Cal (International Table calorie)=4.1868 absolute J
standard.
1 Btu (British thermal unit)=1055.07 absolute J
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 The units of thermal conductivity commonly used and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
their interconversion factors are shown in Table 1.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 For working purposes in this test method, the rounded-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
off value of 4.19 J/cal is used, as this is adequate for the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
precision of the test and also represents the rounded-off value
2. Referenced Documents
of watt-second per calorie units in Table 1, thus avoiding the
difficulty caused by the dual definition of the calorie.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.3 Symbols:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Atmospheric Pressure
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
T = filament temperature, °C,
f
at Reduced Pressure
T = bath thermostat temperature, °C,
b
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of
DT = T −T , °C,
f b
Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
r = filament radius, cm,
f
D2893 Test Methods for Oxidation Characteristics of
r = internal radius of tube, cm,
i
Extreme-Pressure Lubrication Oils
r = external radius of tube, cm,
o
L = effective length of tube, cm,
3. Terminology
R = resistance of filament, V,
3.1 Units:
I = electric current through filament, A,
K = thermal conductivity of liquid, cal/s·cm·°C,
L
K = thermal conductivity of glass-tube, cal/s·cm·°C,
G
−1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
A = [ln(r/r )]/2p L,cm , and
i f
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B = [ln(r /r)]/2pLK , s·°C/cal.
o i G
D02.11 on Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
Current edition approved June 1, 2005. Published September 2005. Originally
4. Summary of Test Method
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D2717–95(2000).
DOI: 10.1520/D2717-95R05.
4.1 A thermal conductivity cell consisting of a straight,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
four-lead, platinum resistance thermometer element located
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
concentrically in a long, small-diameter, precision-bore boro-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. silicate glass tube is calibrated by accurate measurement of the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2717–95 (2005)
cell dimensions and by determination of the temperature-
resistance properties of the platinum element.
4.2 Thermal conductivity is determined by measurement of
the temperature gradient produced across the liquid sample by
a known amount of energy introduced into the cell by electri-
cally heating the platinum element.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The thermal conductivity of a substance is a measure of
the ability of that substance to transfer energy as heat in the
absenceofmasstransportphenomena.Itisusedinengineering
calculations that relate to the manner in which a given system
can react to thermal stresses.
6. Apparatus
6.1 ThermalConductivityCell,consistsessentiallyofathin,
straight platinum filament sealed axially in a borosilicate glass
tube.Thefilamentisheldtautbyaplatinumspring.Twoheavy
gage platinum studs support the filament at either end and
permitthefilamentitselftoserveastheelementandafour-lead
platinum resistance thermometer. Details and cell construction
are shown in Fig. 1.
6.1.1 A tube of 5.00 6 0.01 mm inside diameter shall be
used for liquids of low viscosity as these may create thermal
convection problems in the 10.47-mm tube.
6.2 Temperature Conditioning Bath, capable of maintaining
temperature in the vicinity of the thermal conductivity cell
constant and uniform to within 60.001°C at the test tempera-
ture.
6.3 Resistance Measuring Device, capable of measuring up
-4
to 50 V with a sensitivity of at least 10 V. A Mueller bridge
assembly with commutator for 4-lead resistance thermometer
service or digital multimeter with equivalent sensitivity and a
minimum of six digit resistance resolution with 4-lead mea-
surement capability are acceptable.
6.4 PotentialMeasuringDevice,capableofmeasuringupto
-6
1Vwithaprecisionof10 Vorapotentiometerassemblywith
sensitivity of at least 1 µV or a digital multimeter with
equvalent sensitivity, range, and a minimum of six digit
A. Penny Head Stopper standard taper 10/30.
resolution is acceptable.
B. Gold leads to extend 24 in. beyond PTFE plug. Leads from top and bot-
tom contacts to be of equal length. Excess from top leads to be located
6.5 Resistor,1-V, precision type, with accuracy of
in side tube rather than in the top extension of the cell.
,
60.0005% and stability of 60.001% per year.
C. PTFE plug drilled for wires.
6.6 Platinum Resistance Thermometer 4-lead long stem
D. 9-mm OD borosilicate glass.
with quartz sheath.
E. Fill top and side tubes with 350 to 500-cSt silicon oil to this level.
F. Insulate gold wire in top and side tubes with woven glass.
6.7 Power Supply, 24-V dc.
G. 10.744 6 0.0127 mm ID precision bore borosilicate glass tubing.
NOTE 1—Two 12-V automobile batteries in series have proved satis-
H. 0.0584-mm dia platinum wire.
factory as a power supply. They should be relatively new and fully
I. Use 0.502 mm platinum through glass but add 0.502 mm gold for long
charged.
leads.
4,5
J. 0.203-mm diameter platinum.
6.8 Power Supply, constant-voltage, for potentiometer.
FIG. 1 Details of Thermal Conductivity Cell
6.9 Standard Cell, unsaturated cadmium type, for potenti-
ThesolesourceofsupplyofModel9330/1knowntothecommitteeatthistime
,
isGuildlineInstruments,Inc.,103CommerceSt.,Ste.160,P.O.Box952590,Lake
ometer.
Mary, FL 32795-2590.
6.10 Switches, low thermal emf, knife or rotary.
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may
...
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