ASTM A320/A320M-01
(Specification)Standard Specification for Alloy/Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service
Standard Specification for Alloy/Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-temperature service. The term "bolting material" as used in this specification covers rolled, forged, or strain hardened bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts. The bars shall be hot-wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the purchaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood.
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine that the material can conform to these requirements before parts are manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to meet the Table 2 impact energy values at -150oF [-101oC], additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P and S contents than might normally be supplied) in the chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required.
Note 1—The committee formulating this specification has included several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtainable.
1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered in Section and the nut material shall be impact tested.
1.4 Supplementary Requirements (S1, S2, and S3) of an optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when specified in the inquiry, contract and order.
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 320/A 320M – 01 An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
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Alloy/Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 320/A 320M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope optional nature are provided. They shall apply only when
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specified in the inquiry, contract and order.
1.1 This specification covers alloy steel bolting materials
1.5 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
for pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for low-
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the
temperature service. The term “bolting material” as used in this
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate-
specification covers rolled, forged, or strain hardened bars,
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts. The bars shall be hot-
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
wrought. The material may be further processed by centerless
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
grinding or by cold drawing. Austenitic stainless steel may be
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the pur-
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
chaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
thoroughly understood.
cation.
1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and
austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend
2. Referenced Documents
on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements
A 194/A 194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum
Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure and High-Temperature
mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes,
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Service
and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
energy absorption. The manufacturer should determine that the
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of Steel Products
material can conform to these requirements before parts are
A 962/A 962M Specification for Common Requirements
manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specified to
for Steel Fasteners or Fastener Materials, or Both, Intended
meet the Table 2 impact energy values at −150°F [−101°C],
for Use at Any Temperature from Cryogenic to the Creep
additional restrictions (such as procuring a steel with lower P
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Range
and S contents than might normally be supplied) in the
E 566 Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy-Current) Sorting
chemical composition for AISI 4340 are likely to be required.
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of Ferrous Metals
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NOTE 1—The committee formulating this specification has included
F 436 Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the
2.2 ANSI Standards:
present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by
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B1.1 Screw Threads
the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users
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B18.22.1 Plain Washers
should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may
restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are
3. Ordering Information
obtainable.
3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the
1.3 Nuts for use with this bolting material are covered in
purchase order all information necessary to purchase the
Section 9 and the nut material shall be impact tested.
needed materials. Examples of such information include, but
1.4 Supplementary Requirements (S1, S2, and S3) of an
are not limited to, the following:
3.1.1 Quantity and size,
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This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
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A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
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Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
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Current edition approved Mar 10, 2001. Published May 2001. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
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published as A 320 – 48 T. Last previous edition A 320/A 320M – 00b. Annual Book of ASTM
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