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ASTM D976-04be1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels

Standard Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the Calculated Cetane Index formula, which represents a means for directly estimating the ASTM cetane number of distillate fuels from API gravity and mid-boiling point. The index value, as computed from the formula, is termed the Calculated Cetane Index.
1.2 The Calculated Cetane Index is not an optional method for expressing ASTM cetane number. It is a supplementary tool for predicting cetane number when used with due regard for its limitations.
1.3 The Calculated Cetane Index formula is particularly applicable to straight-run fuels, catalytically cracked stocks, and blends of the two.Note 1
This test method is temporarily retained because the proposal to the U.S. EPA to control diesel fuel aromatics concentrations via a 40 Calculated Cetane Index minimum is based on the correlation between Test Method D 976 and aromatics concentration. Test Method D 4737 is the preferred method as estimator of cetane number.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2004
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D976-04b - Standard Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D976-06 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7484-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8074-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in DD13 Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7467-20a - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5966-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7549-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils under High Output Conditions—Caterpillar C13 Test Procedure
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5967-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7422-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-12 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7371-14(2022) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7583-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for John Deere Coolant Cavitation Test
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6751-23a - Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blendstock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7156-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7468-22 - Standard Test Method for Cummins ISM Test
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6923-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004

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ASTM D976-04be1 - Standard Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate FuelsASTM D976-04be1 - Standard Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
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ASTM D976-04be1 - Standard Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D976–04b
Standard Test Method for
1
Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 976; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—An editorial change was made to Note 2 in April 2005.
1. Scope* Atmospheric Pressure
D 287 TestMethodforAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumand
1.1 This test method covers the Calculated Cetane Index
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
formula, which represents a means for directly estimating the
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
ASTM cetane number of distillate fuels from API gravity and
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
mid-boiling point. The index value, as computed from the
2 Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
formula, is termed the Calculated Cetane Index.
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
1.2 The Calculated Cetane Index is not an optional method
D 2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution Distri-
forexpressingASTMcetanenumber.Itisasupplementarytool
bution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
for predicting cetane number when used with due regard for its
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
limitations.
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1.3 The Calculated Cetane Index formula is particularly
D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
applicable to straight-run fuels, catalytically cracked stocks,
Variable Equation
and blends of the two.
4
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
NOTE 1—This test method is temporarily retained because the proposal
ADJ0976 Nomograph for Calculated Cetane Index
to the U.S. EPA to control diesel fuel aromatics concentrations via a 40
Calculated Cetane Index minimum is based on the correlation between
3. Significance and Use
Test Method D 976 and aromatics concentration. Test Method D 4737 is
3.1 The Calculated Cetane Index is a useful tool for esti-
the preferred method as estimator of cetane number.
mating ASTM cetane number where a test engine is not
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
available for determining this property. It may be conveniently
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
employed for approximating cetane number where the quantity
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of sample is too small for an engine rating. In cases where the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
cetanenumberofafuelhasbeeninitiallyestablished,theindex
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is useful as a cetane number check on subsequent samples of
that fuel, provided its source and mode of manufacture remain
2. Referenced Documents
unchanged.
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
4. Equation for Calculated Cetane Index
4.1 The Calculated Cetane Index is determined from the
following equation:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Calculated cetane index52420.34 1 0.016 G 1 0.192 G log M
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2 2
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels. 1 65.01 ~log M! 2 0.0001809 M (1)
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originally
or
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 976 – 04a.
2
A method of calculating cetane index was developed by the Diesel Fuels
2
Calculated cetane index 5 454.74 2 1641.416 D 1 774.74 D
Division, Coordinating Fuel and Equipment Research Committee of the Coordinat-
2
20.554 B 1 97.803 ~log B! (2)
ing Research Council. SeeYoung, H. D., “Methods for Estimating Cetane Number,”
Proceedings, PPIRA, American Petroleum Institute, Vol. 30 M [III], 1950. This
where:
method was revised in 1960 by Research Division I of Committee D02 to conform
to the revised Test Method D 613.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD0976.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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e1
D976–04b
the
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Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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