iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D1577-01

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers

Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers

SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of mass per unit length (linear density) of textile fibers and filaments. Direct weighing and vibroscope procedures with modifications for crimped and uncrimped fibers are included. The options and sections are listed below. OptionSectionsA—Fiber Bundle Weighing7-15B—Single-Fiber Weighing16-23C—Vibroscope, General24-3035 and 36C1—Uncrimped Fibers31 and 32C2—Crimped Fibers33 and 34Precision and Bias37 and 38
Note 1—For linear density of short lengths of yarn, refer to Test Method D 1059. For cotton linear density, refer to Test Methods D 1769, and D 2480. For measurement of wool diameter, refer to Test Methods D 1282, D 2130 and D 3510.
1.2 The crimp, taper and cross-sectional shape of the fiber may influence the linear density measured by single-fiber weighing and vibroscope.
1.3 These test methods measure the linear density of fibers with moisture in equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles. The fiber moisture under these conditions is not necessarily the same as the commercial moisture regain for the fibers.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.5This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2001
ICS
59.060.01 - Textile fibres in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1577-96 - Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Replaced By
ASTM D1577-07 - Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3822/D3822M-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D8171-18 - Standard Test Methods for Density Determination of Flax Fiber
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM C1666/C1666M-08(2023) - Standard Specification for Alkali Resistant (AR) Glass Fiber for GFRC and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Cement
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7025-09(2021)e1 - Standard Test Method for Assessing Clean Flax Fiber Fineness
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7508/D7508M-20 - Standard Specification for Polyolefin Chopped Strands for Use in Concrete
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D3217/D3217M-20 - Standard Test Methods for Breaking Tenacity of Manufactured Textile Fibers in Loop or Knot Configurations
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D7178-22 - Standard Practice for Determining the Number of Constrictions “<emph type="ital" >m</emph>” of Non-Woven Geotextiles
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1551-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Synthetic Turf Playing Surfaces and Materials
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4849-21 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001

Buy Standard

ASTM D1577-01 - Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile FibersASTM D1577-01 - Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D1577-01 - Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
English language
10 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1577–01
Standard Test Methods for
1
Linear Density of Textile Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1577; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of mass per 2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
unit length (linear density) of textile fibers and filaments. D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
2
Direct weighing and vibroscope procedures with modifications D 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
for crimped and uncrimped fibers are included. The options D 1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
2
and sections are listed below. Length Specimens
D 1282 Test Method for Resistance to Airflow as an Indi-
Option Sections
cation of Average Fiber Diameter of Wool Top, Card
A—Fiber Bundle Weighing 7-15
2
Sliver, and Scoured Wool
B—Single-Fiber Weighing 16-23
D 1769 Test Method for Linear Density of Cotton Fibers
C—Vibroscope, General 24-30
2
35 and 36
(Array Sample)
C1—Uncrimped Fibers 31 and 32
2
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
C2—Crimped Fibers 33 and 34
Precision and Bias 37 and 38 D 1907 Test Method for Yarn Number by the Skein
2
Method
NOTE 1—For linear density of short lengths of yarn, refer to Test
D 2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other
Method D 1059. For cotton linear density, refer to Test Methods D 1769,
2
Animal Fibers by Microprojection
and D 2480. For measurement of wool diameter, refer to Test Methods
2
D 1282, D 2130 and D 3510.
D 2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
2
D 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
1.2 The crimp, taper and cross-sectional shape of the fiber
D 2480 Test Method for Maturity Index and Linear Density
may influence the linear density measured by single-fiber
2
of Cotton Fibers by the Causticaire Method
weighing and vibroscope.
D 2904 Practice for InterlaboratoryTesting of aTextileTest
1.3 These test methods measure the linear density of fibers
2
Method That Produces Normally Distributed Data
with moisture in equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for
D 3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
testingtextiles.Thefibermoistureundertheseconditionsisnot
3
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
necessarily the same as the commercial moisture regain for the
D 3510 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other
fibers.
3
Animal Fibers by Image Analyser
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D 3818 Test Method for Linear Density and Maturity Index
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3
of Cotton Fibers (IIC-Shirley Fineness/Maturity Tester)
each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system
D 5103 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
3
Man-Made Staple Fibers (Single-Fiber Test)
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
specification.
4
TEX-PAC
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on
2
Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.57 on Fiber Test Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3
Methods, General. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
4
1
Current edition approved September 10, 2001. Published November 2001. PC Programs on floppy disk are available through ASTM. For a 3 ⁄2 in disk
Originally published as D 1577 – 58 T. Last previous edition D 1577 – 96. request PCN: 12-429040-18.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1577–01
3.1.1 effective fiber length, n—in the vibroscope test for 4.4.1 The accuracy of weighing can be controlled by the
linear density, that portion of the fiber free to vibrate between number of fibers composing the bundle. However, with short
fixed supports. fiber of low linear density the number of fibers to be counted
becomes prohibitive unless the bundle mass is kept low.
3.1.2 fundamental resonant frequency, n—in linear density
4.5 OptionsAand B are fundamental procedures which are
testing, the lowest frequency at which free oscillations can
used to standardize the vibroscope equipment used in Options
exist in a fi
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D7641-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Textile Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use as a reference to improve the understanding of the relationship between commercial name, fiber identification and geographical regions of fiber origins that make up the composition of textile products.  
4.2 This guide is intended to be used as a source of information only.  
4.2.1 Detailed analysis, to verify specific data related to the composition of a particular fiber, may be necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide lists fibers used to manufacture textile products.  
1.2 Specific groups of fibers are identified using tables of standard classification.  
1.2.1 Animal fibers are identified by commercial name, biological name, end use, and geographic source.  
1.2.2 Vegetable fibers are identified by commercial name, botanical name, staple length or description, and geographic source.  
1.2.3 Mineral fibers are identified by commercial name, mineralogical name, chemical description, and geographic source.  
1.2.4 Manufactured fibers are identified by commercial name, generic name, and major component.  
1.3 Major fiber types used for textile purposes are further classified.  
1.3.1 Manufactured fibers are identified as having either an organic base or inorganic base.  
1.3.2 Natural fibers are identified as having a cellulosic, protein, or mineral base.  
1.4 A glossary of generic names and definitions for manufactured fibers is included as additional information.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3822/D3822M-14(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D3822 using test specimens having gauge lengths of 10 mm [0.4 in.] or greater is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Critical differences noted in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained on man-made fibers having a gauge length of 25 mm [1.0 in.] and 250 mm [10 in.]. Natural fibers or fibers having lesser or greater gauge lengths may provide different values and may require comparative testing. (See 5.1.1.)  (A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.  (A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom  
5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D3822 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing begins. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results for that material in view of test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.2 The breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force and the linear density, and the elongation are fundamental properties that are widely used to establish limitations on f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of natural and man-made single textile fibers of sufficient length to permit mounting test specimens in a tensile testing machine.  
1.2 This test method is also applicable to continuous (filament) and discontinuous (staple) fibers or filaments taken from yarns or tow. When the fibers to be tested contain crimp, or if the tow or yarns have been subjected to bulking, crimping, or texturing process, the tensile properties are determined after removal of the crimp.  
Note 1: Testing of filaments taken from yarns or tow, included in this test method was originally covered in Test Method D2101, that is discontinued.  
1.3 The words “fiber” and “filament” are used interchangeably throughout this test method.  
1.4 This test method is also applicable to fibers removed from yarns, or from yarns processed further into fabrics. It should be recognized that yarn and manufacturing processes can influence or modify the tensile properties of fibers. Consequently, tensile properties determined on fibers taken from yarns, or from yarns that have been processed into fabrics, may be different than for the same fibers prior to being subjected to yarn or fabric manufacturing processes.  
1.5 This test method provides directions for measuring the breaking force and elongation at break of single textile fibers and for calculating breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, tangent modulus, tensile stress at specified elongation, and breaking toughness.  
1.6 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet single fibers are included. The test method is applicable to testing under a wide range of conditions.  
1.7 As the length of the test specimen decreases, the tensile strength is likely to increase, but the accuracy of the tensile properties determined may decrease, which may require the need to increase the number of test specimens. T...

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D1577-07(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Option A for bundle weighing of Test Method D1577 is used in the trade for acceptance testing of commercial shipments. Option B for single-fiber weighing and Option C for the vibroscope may be used for acceptance testing (see Section 37); however, caution is advised when using Option B or Option C because between-laboratory precision information is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 4.1.1 may be advisable.  
4.1.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1577 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of samples that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. These samples should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either the cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results for that material with consideration to the known bias.  
4.2 Option A for bundle weighing is generally considered to be the referee procedure for acceptance testing.  
4.3 Option A is not recommended for measurement of linear density of blends of production fibers having different nominal linear densities.  
4.4 The accuracy of the linear density values obtained by Options A and B is dependent upon the accuracy with which the fibers can be cut and weighed.
Note 2: On short staple fiber, an accuracy in cutting of 1.0 % is difficult to obtain. This problem is further complicated if crimp is present in the fibers.  ...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of mass per unit length (linear density) of textile fibers and filaments. Direct weighing and vibroscope procedures with modifications for crimped and uncrimped fibers are included. The options and sections are listed below.    
Option  
Sections  
A—Fiber Bundle Weighing  
7 – 15  
B—Single-Fiber Weighing  
16 – 23  
C—Vibroscope, General  
24 – 30  
35 and 36    
C1—Uncrimped Fibers  
31 and 32    
C2—Crimped Fibers  
33 and 34    
Precision and Bias  
37 and 38  
Note 1: For linear density of short lengths of yarn, refer to Test Method D1059. For cotton linear density, refer to Test Methods D1769 and D2480. For measurement of wool diameter, refer to Test Methods D1282, D2130, and D3510.  
1.2 The crimp, taper, and cross-sectional shape of the fiber may influence the linear density measured by single-fiber weighing and vibroscope.  
1.3 These test methods measure the linear density of fibers with moisture in equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles. The fiber moisture under these conditions is not necessarily the same as the commercial moisture regain for the fibers.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized pr...

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4466-02(2018)(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Related to Multicomponent Textile Fibers

SCOPE
1.1 Man-made polymers can be combined during manufacture, or natural polymers can be formed during growth, to produce multicomponent fibers having special properties such as cross dyeability, differential shrinkage, or bulk. This standard contains terms which can be used to describe the physical arrangement of components of such fibers. The schematic diagram in Annex A1 provides a guide for interpreting the terminology used in describing two- and three-component fibers, but is not intended to be limiting. Some examples of usage are given in Annex A2, and a bibliography of related literature is given in Appendix X1.  
1.2 For definitions of other textile terms, refer to Terminology D123.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2102-02(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shrinkage of Textile Fibers (Bundle Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Limited accuracy in measuring the change in length produces errors in estimating values for shrinkage below 10 %. However, this test is being used for low level shrinkage fibers because the results give have been found to give an adequate indication of average shrinkage at the lower levels. The test is not adequate for determining variability in average shrinkage at low levels. If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 This test method for testing the shrinkage of fibers is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fibers because only a limited amount of data is available. See Section 14.  
5.3 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fibers; but caution is advised since information on between laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1 are advised.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the unrestrained shrinkage of a bundle of crimped or uncrimped fibers from exposure to some environment, for instance, boiling water for 15 min.  
1.1.1 This test method may be used on fibers from tow and fibers removed from spun or continuous filament yarn.  
Note 1: For measurement of shrinkage of single fibers, refer to Test Method D5104.  
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2402-07(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for testing for water retention of fibers after centrifuging is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test is more appropriate for development and research. However, if the test is to be used for acceptance testing, comparative tests as described in 5.1.1 are advised.  
5.1.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using Test Method D2402 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if statistical biases exist between their laboratories. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student's t-test for unpaired data with an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties while designing the test program. If the analysis shows a bias, its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test data with consideration for the known bias.  
5.2 The amount of water retained by a fiber mass increases with an increase in the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber. Thus the data obtained can be used to indicate the following:  
5.2.1 Differences in water retention between the various man-made and natural fibers,  
5.2.2 Degree of cross-linking in cellulosic fibers,  
5.2.3 Damage incurred by wool and silk fibers due to alkaline processing, and  
5.2.4 Persistence of water-repellent treatments.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water retention of man-made and natural fibers as staple, tow, or filament and spun yarns. It is intended to give a measure of the amount of water which cannot be removed from thoroughly wetted fiber solely by mechanical means as applied by centrifugal force (see 3.2).  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7641-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Textile Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended for use as a reference to improve the understanding of the relationship between commercial name, fiber identification and geographical regions of fiber origins that make up the composition of textile products.  
4.2 This guide is intended to be used as a source of information only.  
4.2.1 Detailed analysis, to verify specific data related to the composition of a particular fiber, may be necessary.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide lists fibers used to manufacture textile products.  
1.2 Specific groups of fibers are identified using tables of standard classification.  
1.2.1 Animal fibers are identified by commercial name, biological name, end use, and geographic source.  
1.2.2 Vegetable fibers are identified by commercial name, botanical name, staple length or description, and geographic source.  
1.2.3 Mineral fibers are identified by commercial name, mineralogical name, chemical description, and geographic source.  
1.2.4 Manufactured fibers are identified by commercial name, generic name, and major component.  
1.3 Major fiber types used for textile purposes are further classified.  
1.3.1 Manufactured fibers are identified as having either an organic base or inorganic base.  
1.3.2 Natural fibers are identified as having a cellulosic, protein, or mineral base.  
1.4 A glossary of generic names and definitions for manufactured fibers is included as additional information.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3460-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Seam Measurement Procedure for Baseballs and Softballs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The ball seam height of a baseball or softball is a measurement that can correlate to ball grip and aerodynamic properties.  
4.2 This test method is suitable for obtaining data in research and development, quality control, and classifying balls by seam type.  
4.3 Sports associations can use seam height standards in specifications for official baseballs and softballs.  
4.4 Users of this test method may be testing individual baseballs or softballs or entire production lots of baseballs or softballs. If a single ball or small sample of balls are being measured for individual properties, multiple measurements should be performed on the balls. If a large sample of balls is being measured for the overall seam characteristics of the large sample, then an individual seam height measurement may be recorded for a ball. Thus, number of measurement points (m) on any one ball is at the discretion of the test sponsor of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to standardize a method of measuring the seam height of baseballs and softballs.  
1.2 This standard is established to provide a single, repeatable, and uniform test method.  
1.3 This test method is for a ball that is intended for use in the game of baseball or softball.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D3822/D3822M-14(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Single Textile Fibers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D3822 using test specimens having gauge lengths of 10 mm [0.4 in.] or greater is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. Critical differences noted in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained on man-made fibers having a gauge length of 25 mm [1.0 in.] and 250 mm [10 in.]. Natural fibers or fibers having lesser or greater gauge lengths may provide different values and may require comparative testing. (See 5.1.1.)  (A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.  (A) The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.960, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom  
5.1.1 In cases of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D3822 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing begins. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results for that material in view of test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.2 The breaking tenacity, calculated from the breaking force and the linear density, and the elongation are fundamental properties that are widely used to establish limitations on f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of tensile properties of natural and man-made single textile fibers of sufficient length to permit mounting test specimens in a tensile testing machine.  
1.2 This test method is also applicable to continuous (filament) and discontinuous (staple) fibers or filaments taken from yarns or tow. When the fibers to be tested contain crimp, or if the tow or yarns have been subjected to bulking, crimping, or texturing process, the tensile properties are determined after removal of the crimp.  
Note 1: Testing of filaments taken from yarns or tow, included in this test method was originally covered in Test Method D2101, that is discontinued.  
1.3 The words “fiber” and “filament” are used interchangeably throughout this test method.  
1.4 This test method is also applicable to fibers removed from yarns, or from yarns processed further into fabrics. It should be recognized that yarn and manufacturing processes can influence or modify the tensile properties of fibers. Consequently, tensile properties determined on fibers taken from yarns, or from yarns that have been processed into fabrics, may be different than for the same fibers prior to being subjected to yarn or fabric manufacturing processes.  
1.5 This test method provides directions for measuring the breaking force and elongation at break of single textile fibers and for calculating breaking tenacity, initial modulus, chord modulus, tangent modulus, tensile stress at specified elongation, and breaking toughness.  
1.6 Procedures for measuring the tensile properties of both conditioned and wet single fibers are included. The test method is applicable to testing under a wide range of conditions.  
1.7 As the length of the test specimen decreases, the tensile strength is likely to increase, but the accuracy of the tensile properties determined may decrease, which may require the need to increase the number of test specimens. T...

  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2402-07(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for testing for water retention of fibers after centrifuging is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test is more appropriate for development and research. However, if the test is to be used for acceptance testing, comparative tests as described in 5.1.1 are advised.  
5.1.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using Test Method D2402 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if statistical biases exist between their laboratories. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student's t-test for unpaired data with an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties while designing the test program. If the analysis shows a bias, its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test data with consideration for the known bias.  
5.2 The amount of water retained by a fiber mass increases with an increase in the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber. Thus the data obtained can be used to indicate the following:  
5.2.1 Differences in water retention between the various man-made and natural fibers,  
5.2.2 Degree of cross-linking in cellulosic fibers,  
5.2.3 Damage incurred by wool and silk fibers due to alkaline processing, and  
5.2.4 Persistence of water-repellent treatments.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water retention of man-made and natural fibers as staple, tow, or filament and spun yarns. It is intended to give a measure of the amount of water which cannot be removed from thoroughly wetted fiber solely by mechanical means as applied by centrifugal force (see 3.2).  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off