ASTM E2691-20

Standard Practice for Job Productivity Measurement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 JPM produces two measurements: construction production rate and productivity.  
5.1.1 JPM measures the overall production rate by comparing CPIP to the time elapsed in the construction schedule.  
5.1.2 JPM measures overall job productivity through a comparison of labor usage to a reference point.  
5.2 JPM issues early warning signals for construction.  
5.2.1 JPM identifies productivity deviations in the form of any gains or losses in productivity, and anomalies indicating a special cause, from the productivity reference point.  
5.2.2 JPM measures the productivity changes to individual building elements (according to the UNIFORMAT II format for organizing building data, in Classification E1557) with the same methodology used for overall job productivity measurement.  
5.2.3 JPM measures ongoing changes in labor usage.  
5.3 JPM measures productivity wherever the labor is used in construction by:  
5.3.1 Any contractor or construction manager directly or indirectly responsible for the productivity of the labor and its usage.  
5.3.2 Any contractor or construction manager conducting self performance on any portion of the construction job.  
5.3.3 Any contractor or construction manager supervising labor performance on any portion of a construction job.
SCOPE
1.1 Based on the UNIFORMAT II format for organizing building data, established in Classification E1557, and depending on the level where measurement is applied (industry, total job, or building element), JPM measures construction productivity at three levels: task, project, and industry (shown in Fig. 1). By comparing labor hours used against CPIP, JPM allows for unified measurement of established building elements (according to the UNIFORMAT II format. This practice establishes a process for measuring construction job productivity by comparing labor usage to CPIP.
FIG. 1 Measurement of Productivity at the Industry, Project, and Task Level  
1.2 JPM measures labor productivity of the installation processes on a construction job.2  
1.3 CPIP is measured with input from the labor performing the installation, utilizing elements of statistical process control (SPC) and industrial engineering.  
1.4 JPM takes into account the difficulty of installation at any given point on a job.  
1.5 JPM evaluates relative productivity changes using trend monitoring.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2020
• ICS: 03.100.30 - Management of human resources
• ICS: 91.200 - Construction technology
• Technical Committee: E06 - Performance of Buildings
• Drafting Committee: E06.81 - Building Economics

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E1557-09(2020)e1 - Standard Classification for Building Elements and Related Sitework—UNIFORMAT II
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Referred By: ASTM E833-14(2021) - Standard Terminology of Building Economics
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Referred By: ASTM E3372-23 - Standard Guide for Schedule Performance Index, Schedule Beta (β<inf>s</inf >)
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Referred By: ASTM E3008/E3008M-16(2023) - Standard Classification for Transportation Surface Elements—UNIFORMAT II
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2691 − 20
Standard Practice for
1
Job Productivity Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Job Productivity Measurement (JPM) measures both construction productivity differential on an
ongoing and periodic basis and average productivity over the life of the construction project.
JPM calculates the ratio of output per unit of input: how much work—Construction Put In Place
(CPIP)—was produced by how many labor hours. Additionally, JPM is an early warning signal for
construction performance. It measures ongoing productivity changes, trends, and anomalies resulting
from changes on a construction jobsite, which enables contractors, project managers, supervisors, and
foremen to react and improve productivity as the construction project unfolds.
1. Scope Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 Based on the UNIFORMAT II format for organizing
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
building data, established in Classification E1557, and depend-
ing on the level where measurement is applied (industry, total
2. Referenced Documents
job, or building element), JPM measures construction produc-
3
tivity at three levels: task, project, and industry (shown in Fig. 2.1 ASTM Standards:
1). By comparing labor hours used against CPIP, JPM allows E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
for unified measurement of established building elements E833 Terminology of Building Economics
(according to the UNIFORMAT II format. This practice E1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related
establishes a process for measuring construction job produc- Sitework—UNIFORMAT II
tivity by comparing labor usage to CPIP. E1946 Practice for Measuring Cost Risk of Buildings and
Building Systems and Other Constructed Projects
1.2 JPM measures labor productivity of the installation
2
E2166 Practice for Organizing and Managing Building Data
processes on a construction job.
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical
1.3 CPIP is measured with input from the labor performing
Process Control
the installation, utilizing elements of statistical process control
4
2.2 ASTM Manual:
(SPC) and industrial engineering.
MNL 65 Application ofASTM E2691 Standard Practice for
1.4 JPM takes into account the difficulty of installation at
Job Productivity Measurement
any given point on a job.
3. Terminology
1.5 JPM evaluates relative productivity changes using trend
monitoring.
3.1 Definitions—For definition of general terms related to
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor- building construction used in this practice, refer to Terminol-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ogyE631;andforgeneraltermsrelatedtobuildingeconomics,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the refer to Terminology E833.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 baseline labor hour budget, n—a budget of direct
1
labor hours created at the onset of a new construction project
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on
Building Economics.
Current edition approved April 1, 2020. Published April 2020. Originally
3
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E2691–16. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E2691-20. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
JPM is based on the application of Job Productivity Assurance and Control Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
(JPAC), which has been used in industry for more than fifteen years, resulting in 20 the ASTM website.
4
to 30 % improvement in productivity for contractors using it. Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order MNL65-EB.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2691 − 20
FIG. 1 Measurement of Productivity at the Industry, Project, and Task Level
that approximates how many hours will be spent on any 3.2.4 non-installation hours, n—labor hours spent on activi-
defined part of the project. ties other than installation, removal, or er
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2691 − 16 E2691 − 20
Standard Practice for
1
Job Productivity Measurement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2691; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Job Productivity Measurement (JPM) measures both construction productivity differential on an
ongoing and periodic basis and average productivity over the life of the construction project.
JPM calculates the ratio of output per unit of input: how much work—Construction Put In Place
(CPIP)—was produced by how many labor hours. Additionally, JPM is an early warning signal for
construction performance. It measures ongoing productivity changes, trends, and anomalies resulting
from changes on a construction jobsite, which enables contractors, project managers, supervisors, and
foremen to react and improve productivity as the construction project unfolds.
1. Scope
1.1 Based on the UNIFORMAT II format for organizing building data, established in Classification E1557, and depending on
the level where measurement is applied (industry, total job, or building element), JPM measures construction productivity at three
levels: task, project, and industry (shown in Fig. 1). By comparing labor hours used against CPIP, JPM allows for unified
measurement of established building elements (according to the UNIFORMAT II format. This practice establishes a process for
measuring construction job productivity by comparing labor usage to CPIP.
2
1.2 JPM measures labor productivity of the installation processes on a construction job.
1.3 CPIP is measured with input from the labor performing the installation, utilizing elements of statistical process control
(SPC) and industrial engineering.
1.4 JPM takes into account the difficulty of installation at any given point on a job.
1.5 JPM evaluates relative productivity changes using trend monitoring.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E631 Terminology of Building Constructions
E833 Terminology of Building Economics
E1557 Classification for Building Elements and Related Sitework—UNIFORMAT II
E1946 Practice for Measuring Cost Risk of Buildings and Building Systems and Other Constructed Projects
E2166 Practice for Organizing and Managing Building Data
E2587 Practice for Use of Control Charts in Statistical Process Control
4
2.2 ASTM Manual:
MNL 65 Application of ASTM E2691 Standard Practice for Job Productivity Measurement
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on Building
Economics.
Current edition approved March 1, 2016April 1, 2020. Published April 2016April 2020. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
E2691 – 11.E2691–16. DOI: 10.1520/E2691-16.10.1520/E2691-20.
2
JPM is based on the application of Job Productivity Assurance and Control (JPAC), which has been used in industry for more than fifteen years, resulting in 20 to 30 %
improvement in productivity for contractors using it.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order MNL65-EB.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2691 − 20
FIG. 1 Measurement of Productivity at the Industry, Project, and Task Level
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definition of general terms related to building construction used in this practice, refer to Terminology E631;
and for general terms related to building economics, refer to Terminology E833.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 baseline labor hour budget, n—a budget of direct labor hours created at the onset of a new construction pro
...