ASTM D1868-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems
Standard Test Method for Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence of partial discharges (corona) at operating voltage in an insulation system has the potential to result in a significant reduction in the life of the insulating material. Some materials are more susceptible to such discharge damage than others. This characteristic can be investigated using Test Method D2275.
5.2 The presence of partial discharges (corona) in an apparently solid insulation is a potential indication of the existence of internal cavities. Partial discharge tests have been useful in the design and inspection of molded, laminated, and composite insulation, as well as specimens in the form of cables, capacitors, transformers, bushings, stator bars, and rotating machines (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (13), and (12). (See also AEIC CS5-87, ICEA T-24-380, IEEE 48, IEEE C57 113-1991, IEEE C57 124-1991, and IEEE 1434-2005.)
5.3 Partial discharge (corona) inception and extinction voltages are used in the determination of the limiting voltage at which an insulation system will operate free of such discharges. The extinction voltage is often substantially lower than the inception voltage. Where the operating voltage is below the inception voltage but above the extinction voltage, it is possible that a transient over-voltage will initiate discharges which then continue until the voltage is lowered below the extinction voltage. Inception and extinction voltages depend upon many factors, including temperature and the rate at which the voltage is changed. After a time at a voltage, it is possible that discharges will start and stop in a nonuniform and unpredictable fashion, especially for discharges within cavities in certain materials, in particular if the discharge degradation products formed are conductive (1), (5).
5.4 The magnitude (pulse height) of a partial discharge is an indication of the amount of energy that it dissipates in the insulation system. Partial discharge magnitude and pulse rate are useful in estimating ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection and measurement of partial discharge (corona) pulses at the terminals of an insulation system under an applied test voltage, including the determination of partial discharge (corona) inception and extinction voltages as the test voltage is raised and lowered. The test method is also useful in determining quantities such as apparent charge and pulse repetition rate together with such integrated quantities as average current, quadratic rate and power. The test method is useful for test voltages ranging in frequency from zero (direct voltage) to approximately 2000 Hz.
1.2 The test method is directly applicable to a simple insulation system that can be represented as a two-terminal capacitor (1), (2) .
1.3 The test method is also applicable to (distributed parameter) insulation systems such as high-voltage cable. Consideration must be given to attenuation and reflection phenomena in this type of system. Further information on distributed parameter systems of cables, transformers, and rotating machines will be found in Refs. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9).2 (See AEIC CS5-87, IEEE C57 113-1991, IEEE C57 124-1991, and IEEE 1434-2005.)
1.4 The test method can be applied to multi-terminal insulation systems, but at some loss in accuracy, especially where the insulation of inductive windings is involved.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Sections 8 and 14.
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Designation: D1868 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona)
1
Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method covers the detection and measurement 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of partial discharge (corona) pulses at the terminals of an D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
insulation system under an applied test voltage, including the DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
determination of partial discharge (corona) inception and at Commercial Power Frequencies
extinction voltages as the test voltage is raised and lowered. D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
Thetestmethodisalsousefulindeterminingquantitiessuchas D2275Test Method for Voltage Endurance of Solid Electri-
apparent charge and pulse repetition rate together with such cal Insulating Materials Subjected to Partial Discharges
integrated quantities as average current, quadratic rate and (Corona) on the Surface
power. The test method is useful for test voltages ranging in D3382Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Inte-
frequency from zero (direct voltage) to approximately 2000 grated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Co-
Hz. rona) Using Bridge Techniques
2.2 Other Documents:
1.2 The test method is directly applicable to a simple
AEIC CS5-87Specifications for Thermoplastic and Cross-
insulation system that can be represented as a two-terminal
linked Polyethlene Insulated Shielded Power Cables
capacitor (1), (2) .
th 4
Rated 5 through 35 kV (9 Edition) October 1987
1.3 Thetestmethodisalsoapplicableto(distributedparam-
5
ICEA T-24-380Guide for Partial Discharge Procedure
eter) insulation systems such as high-voltage cable. Consider-
IEEE 48Standard Test Procedures and Requirements for
ationmustbegiventoattenuationandreflectionphenomenain
6
High Voltage Alternating Current Cable Terminations
this type of system. Further information on distributed param-
IEEE 1434-2005Guide to the Measurement of Partial Dis-
etersystemsofcables,transformers,androtatingmachineswill
6
charges in Rotating Machinery
2
be found in Refs. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), and (9).
IEEE C57 113-1991Guide for PD Measurement in Liquid-
(SeeAEICCS5-87,IEEEC57113-1991,IEEEC57124-1991,
6
Filled Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors
and IEEE 1434-2005.)
IEEE C57 124-1991Recommended Practice for the Detec-
1.4 The test method can be applied to multi-terminal insu-
tion of PD and the Measurement of Apparent Charge in
6
lation systems, but at some loss in accuracy, especially where
Dry-Type Transformers
the insulation of inductive windings is involved.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specificprecaution
3
statements are given in Sections 8 and 14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on the ASTM website.
4
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Available from the publication department of the Association of Edison
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests. Illuminating Companies, 600 N. 18th St., PO Box 2641, Birmingham, AL
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally 35291-0992.
5
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1868–07. DOI: Available from the Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc., PO Box 440,
10.1520/D1868-13. South Yarmouth, MA 02664.
2 6
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),
this test method. 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http://www.ieee.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 -------------
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1868 − 07 D1868 − 13 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona)
1
Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the detection and measurement of partial discharge (corona) pulses at the terminals of an insulation
system under an applied test voltage, including the determination of partial discharge (corona) inception and extinction voltages
as the test voltage is raised and lowered. The test method is also useful in determining quantities such as apparent charge and pulse
repetition rate together with such integrated quantities as average current, quadratic rate and power. The test method is useful for
test voltages ranging in frequency from zero (direct voltage) to approximately 2000 Hz.
1.2 The test method is directly applicable to a simple insulation system that can be represented as a two-terminal capacitor (1),
(2) .
1.3 The test method is also applicable to (distributed parameter) insulation systems such as high-voltage cable. Consideration
must be given to attenuation and reflection phenomena in this type of system. Further information on distributed parameter systems
2
of cables, transformers, and rotating machines will be found in Refs. (1), (2),(3), (4),(5),(6),(7),(8), and (9). (See AEIC CS5-87,
IEEE C57 113-1991, IEEE C57 124-1991, and IEEE 1434-2005.)
1.4 The test method can be applied to multi-terminal insulation systems, but at some loss in accuracy, especially where the
insulation of inductive windings is involved.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Sections 8 and 14.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D2275 Test Method for Voltage Endurance of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Subjected to Partial Discharges (Corona) on
the Surface
D3382 Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using
Bridge Techniques
2.2 Other Documents:
AEIC CS5-87 Specifications for Thermoplastic and Crosslinked Polyethlene Insulated Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 through
th 4
35 kV (9 Edition) October 1987
5
ICEA T-24-380 Guide for Partial Discharge Procedure
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved May 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2013. Published August 2007December 2013. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 19982007
as D1868 – 93 (1998).D1868 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/D1868-07.10.1520/D1868-13.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from the publication department of the Association of Edison Illuminating Companies, 600 N. 18th St., PO Box 2641, Birmingham, AL 35291-0992.
5
Available from the Insulated Cable Engineers Association, Inc., PO Box 440, South Yarmouth, MA 02664.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1868 − 13
6
IEEE 48 Standard Test Procedures and Requirements for High Voltage Alternating Current Cable Terminations
6
IEEE 1434-2005 Guide to the Measurement of Partia
...
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