ASTM D5759-95

Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses

SCOPE
1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characterization of fly ash from the combustion of coal, fly ash from coal combusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ash from combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treated with alkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash.  
1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional test methods for fly ash evaluation. Acceptance criteria can be negotiated between the producer and the user according to the potential end use.  
1.3 The coal fly ash and clean coal combustion fly ash of this guide do not include the following:  
1.3.1 Dusts from kilns producing products such as lime, portland cement, activated clays, etc.;  
1.3.2 By-products of flue gas desulflurization that are not collected with the primary fly ash removal equipment such as the baghouse or electrostatic precipitator; and  
1.3.3 Fly ash or other combustion products derived from the burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial garbage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; wood; wood waste products; rice hulls; agriculture waste; or other non-coal fuels or other such fuels blended with coal, or some combination thereof.  
1.4 Fly ash may contain some trace elements that may affect performance or potential end use.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1994
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D5759-95(2005) - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Referred By: ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995
• Referred By: ASTM E2277-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-1995

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5759 – 95
Standard Guide for
Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal
Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5759; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This guide recommends standards for the characteriza- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion of fly ash from the combustion of coal, fly ash from coal C22 Specification for Gypsum
combusted in the presence of alkaline materials, and fly ash C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
from combusted coal in which the flue gases have been treated Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
with alkaline materials in the presence of the fly ash. C 51 Terminology Relating to Lime and Limestone (As
1.2 This guide provides recommended and optional test Used by the Industry)
methods for fly ash evaluation. Acceptance criteria can be C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
negotiated between the producer and the user according to the Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)
potential end use. C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
1.3 The coal fly ash and clean coal combustion fly ash of Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
this guide do not include the following: C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
1.3.1 Dusts from kilns producing products such as lime, Cement
portland cement, activated clays, etc.; C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
1.3.2 By-products of flue gas desulflurization that are not C 191 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce-
collected with the primary fly ash removal equipment such as ment by Vicat Needle
the baghouse or electrostatic precipitator; and C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
1.3.3 Fly ash or other combustion products derived from the Natural Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
burning of waste; municipal, industrial, or commercial gar- Portland-Cement Concrete
bage; sewage sludge or other refuse, or both; derived fuels; C 400 Test Method for Testing Quicklime and Hydrated
wood; wood waste products; rice hulls; agriculture waste; or Lime for Neutralization of Waste Acid
other non-coal fuels or other such fuels blended with coal, or C 593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for
some combination thereof. Use with Lime
1.4 Flyashmaycontainsometraceelementsthatmayaffect C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
performance or potential end use. C 602 Specification for Agricultural Liming Materials
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
information only. Portland Cement Concrete
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the D 546 Test Method for SieveAnalysis of Mineral Filler for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Road and Paving Materials
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D 1973 Guide for Design of a Linear System for Contain-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- ment of Wastes
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. D 2795 Method for Analysis of Coal and Coke Ash
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.03 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Industrial Recovery and Reuse. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 15, 1995. Published September 1995. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5759–95
D 3178 Test Method for Carbon and Hydrogen in the 8. Sampling and Testing
Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke
8.1 Take individual, representative samples of at least 0.5 lb
D 3682 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal
(227g)fromeach100tons(100Mg)offlyashdeliveredtothe
and Coke Ash by the Atomic Absorption Method
purchaser.
D 3683 Test Method for Trace Elements in Coal and Coke
Ash by the Atomic Absorption Method
TABLE 1 Recommended Chemical Tests
D 4326 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal
A
Test Method Component(s) Limit
and Coke by X-Ray Fluorescence
B
C114 sulfur trioxide (SO ),%
D 5239 Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil
C311 moisture content, %
Stabilization
C311 loss on ignition, %
D 2795, D 3682,or calcium oxide (CaO),%
E 1266 Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash,
D 4326
and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other
D 2795, D 3682,or magnesium oxide (MgO), %
Construction Applications
D 4326
D 2795, D 3682, or silicon dioxide (SiO ) plus aluminum oxide
2.2 Other Document: 2
D 4326 (Al O ) plus iron oxide (Fe O ), %
2 3 2 3
USEPA Method 9100-SW846 Falling Head or Constand
A
On specific projects, a minimum or maximum may be applicable.
Head
B
Fly ash replaces hydraulic cement in method.
3. Terminology
A
TABLE 2 Optional Chemical Tests (Limits to be Specified Only
3.1 Definitions:
if Applicable, by the Purchaser)
3.1.1 clean coal combustion—the burning of coal, coal
B
Test Method Component(s) Limit
culm,orcoalfinesinafurnacedesignedtooperatetominimize
C
C25 available lime index (ALI), %
emissions (that is, a fluidized bed or aerated fluidized bed, etc.)
C311 available alkalies as Na O, %
or coal burned in the presence of alkaline materials, which D
C 400 pH
C 602 calcium carbonate equivalent (CaCO ), %
combine to reduce these emissions.
D 3178 carbon (C),%
3.1.2 fly ash, n—residual material that exits a combustion
D 3683 trace elements (totals) (for example, sulfide,
chamber in the flue gas.
sulfite, and sulfate)
A
Individual requirements may be specified by the purchaser if applicable to the
4. Significance and Use
project for which fly ash is to be used.
B
On specific projects, a minimum or maximum may be applicable.
4.1 This guide provides guidance for the characterization of
C
Fly ash replaces limestone in analysis.
coal fly ash or clean coal combustion fly ash for potential uses D
Fly ash replaces quicklime in method.
in which absorption, cementitious activity, pozzolanic activity,
pH adjustment, heat rise, or stabilization and solidification
A
TABLE 3 Optional Physical Tests (To be Specified Only as
properties may be desired.
Required by the Purchaser)
Test Method Component(s)
5. Chemical Composition
B
C 109 compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars, psi
5.1 Fly ash from coal and clean coal combustion can be C
C110 heat rise (slaking rate), °C
B
characterized by the recommended chemical tests of Table 1 C 191 time of set, min
C311 amount retained on No. 325 sieve, %
and
...