ASTM D6550-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Gasoline-range olefinic hydrocarbons have been demonstrated to contribute to photochemical reactions in the atmosphere, which result in the formation of photochemical smog in susceptible urban areas.
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has specified a maximum allowable limit of total olefins in motor gasoline. This necessitates an appropriate analytical test method for determination of total olefins to be used both by regulators and producers.
This test method compares favorably with Test Method D1319 (FIA) for the determination of total olefins in motor gasolines. It does not require any sample preparation, has a comparatively short analysis time of about 10 min, and is readily automated. Alternative methods for determination of olefins in gasoline include Test Methods D6839 and D6296.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amount of olefins in blended motor gasolines and gasoline blending stocks by supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC). Results are expressed in terms of mass % olefins. The application range is from 1 to 25 mass % total olefins.
1.2 This test method can be used for analysis of commercial gasolines, including those containing varying levels of oxygenates, such as methyl tert/butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methyl tert/amyl ether (TAME), and ethanol, without interference.
Note 1—This test method has not been designed for the determination of the total amounts of saturates, aromatics, and oxygenates.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D6550 −10
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by
1
Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6550; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D6296 Test Method for Total Olefins in Spark-ignition
Engine Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
amount of olefins in blended motor gasolines and gasoline
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
blending stocks by supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC).
Measurement System Performance
Results are expressed in terms of mass % olefins. The
D6839 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated
application range is from 1 to 25 mass % total olefins.
Compounds and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels
1.2 This test method can be used for analysis of commercial
by Gas Chromatography
gasolines, including those containing varying levels of
oxygenates, such as methyl tert/butyl ether (MTBE), diisopro-
3. Terminology
pyl ether (DIPE), methyl tert/amyl ether (TAME), and ethanol,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
without interference.
3.1.1 critical pressure, n—the pressure needed to condense
NOTE 1—This test method has not been designed for the determination
a gas to a liquid at the critical temperature.
of the total amounts of saturates, aromatics, and oxygenates.
3.1.2 critical temperature, n—the highest temperature at
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
which a gaseous fluid can be condensed to a liquid by means
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
of compression.
standard.
3.1.3 supercritical fluid, n—a fluid maintained above its
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
critical temperature and critical pressure.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC), n—a type
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of chromatography that employs a supercritical fluid as the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mobile phase.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Asmall aliquot of the fuel sample is injected onto a set
D1319 Test Method for HydrocarbonTypes in Liquid Petro-
of two chromatographic columns connected in series and
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
transported using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO)asthe
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
2
mobile phase. The first column is packed with high-surface-
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
area silica particles. The second column contains either high-
D5186 Test Method for Determination of the Aromatic
surface-area silica particles loaded with silver ions or strong-
Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel
cation-exchange material loaded with silver ions.
Fuels and Aviation Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid
Chromatography
4.2 Two switching valves are used to direct the different
classes of components through the chromatographic system to
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
the detector. In a forward-flow mode, saturates (normal and
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
branchedalkanes,cyclicalkanes)passthroughbothcolumnsto
D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.
the detector, while the olefins are trapped on the silver-loaded
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
column and the aromatics and oxygenates are retained on the
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D6550–05. DOI:
10.1520/D6550-10.
silica column. Aromatic compounds and oxygenates are sub-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
sequently eluted from the silica column to the detector in a
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
back-flush mode. Finally, the olefins are back-flushed from the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. silver-loaded column to the detector.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6550−10
TABLE 1 Typical Columns
Silica Column Silv
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6550–05 Designation: D6550 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by
1
Supercritical-Fluid Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6550; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amount of olefins in blended motor gasolines and gasoline blending
stocks by supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC). Results are expressed in terms of mass % olefins. The application range is
from 1 to 25 mass % total olefins.
1.2 This test method can be used for analysis of commercial gasolines, including those containing varying levels of oxygenates,
such as methyl tert/butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), methyl tert/amyl ether (TAME), and ethanol, without
interference.
NOTE 1—This test method has not been designed for the determination of the total amounts of saturates, aromatics, and oxygenates.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D5186 TestMethodforDeterminationoftheAromaticContentandPolynuclearAromaticContentofDieselFuelsandAviation
Turbine Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography D6293Test Method for Oxygenates and Paraffin, Olefin, Naphthene,
Aromatic(O-PONA) Hydrocarbon Types in Low-Olefin Spark Igni-
tion Engine Fuels by Gas Chromatography
D6296 Test Method for Total Olefins in Spark-ignition Engine Fuels by Multidimensional Gas Chromatography
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to
Evaluate Analytical Measurement System Performance
D6839 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types, Oxygenated Compounds and Benzene in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by Gas
Chromatography
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 critical pressure, n—the pressure needed to condense a gas to a liquid at the critical temperature.
3.1.2 critical temperature, n—the highest temperature at which a gaseous fluid can be condensed to a liquid by means of
compression.
3.1.3 supercritical fluid, n—a fluid maintained above its critical temperature and critical pressure.
3.1.4 supercritical-fluid chromatography (SFC), n—a type of chromatography that employs a supercritical fluid as the mobile
phase.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0C
on Hydrocarbon Analysis.Liquid Chromatography.
Current edition approved Nov.Oct. 1, 2005.2010. Published November 2005.2010. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
D6550–00.D6550–05. DOI: 10.1520/D6550-105.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6550 – 10
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Asmallaliquotofthefuelsampleisinjectedontoasetoftwochromatographiccolumnsconnectedinseriesandtransported
using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO ) as the mobile phase. The first column is packed with high-surface-area silica particles.
2
The second column contains eithe
...
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