ASTM E351-13

Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast iron, malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular) iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element  
Composition Range, %  
Aluminum  
0.003 to 0.50  
Antimony  
0.005 to 0.03  
Arsenic  
0.02 to 0.10  
Bismuth  
0.001 to 0.03  
Boron  
0.001 to 0.10  
Cadmium  
0.001 to 0.005  
Carbon  
1.25 to 4.50  
Cerium  
0.005 to 0.05  
Chromium  
0.01 to 30.00  
Cobalt  
0.01 to 4.50  
Copper  
0.03 to 7.50  
Lead  
0.001 to 0.15  
Magnesium  
0.002 to 0.10  
Manganese  
0.06 to 2.50  
Molybdenum  
0.01 to 5.00  
Nickel  
0.01 to 36.00  
Phosphorus  
0.01 to 0.90  
Selenium  
0.001 to 0.06  
Silicon  
0.10 to 6.0    
Sulfur  
0.005 to 0.25  
Tellurium  
0.001 to 0.35  
Tin  
0.001 to 0.35  
Titanium  
0.001 to 0.20  
Tungsten  
0.001 to 0.20  
Vanadium  
0.005 to 0.50  
Zinc  
0.005 to 0.20
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    
Sections  
Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption Method (1 % to 3 %)  
108  
Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to 4.50 %)—Discontinued  
97  
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001 % to 0.30 %)  
237  
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
208  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %)  
218  
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05 % to 30.0 %)—Discontinued  
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 % to 4.5 %)  
53  
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 4.50 %)  
61  
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)  
116  
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)  
81  
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Method (0.001 % to 0.15 %)  
126  
Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
71  
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to 2.00 %)  
8  
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10 % to 3.5 %)  
152  
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method  
257  
Molybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.5 %)  
196  
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 36.00 %)  
168  
Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Method (0.005 % to 1.00 %)  
176  
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)  
160  
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)  
18  
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 6.0 %)  
46  
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued  
30  
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.25 %)—Discontinued  
37  
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued  
Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  
186  
Tin by the Sulfide-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 % to 0.35 %)  
89  
Titanium, Total, by the Diant...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2013
• ICS: 77.040.30 - Chemical analysis of metals
• Technical Committee: E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
• Drafting Committee: E01.01 - Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E351-93(2006) - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron-All Types
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Replaced By: ASTM E351-18 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM A861-04(2023) - Standard Specification for High-Silicon Iron Pipe and Fittings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM D3724-01(2019) - Standard Specification for Synthetic Brown Iron Oxide Pigment
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A436-84(2020) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Gray Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E354-21e1 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of High-Temperature, Electrical, Magnetic, and Other Similar Iron, Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A532/A532M-10(2019) - Standard Specification for Abrasion-Resistant Cast Irons
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E353-19e1 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Stainless, Heat-Resisting, Maraging, and Other Similar Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E1473-22 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel, Cobalt, and High-Temperature Alloys
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E350-18 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A834-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A874/A874M-98(2022) - Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM A1095-15(2019) - Standard Specification for High-Silicon Molybdenum Ferritic Iron Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E352-18e1 - Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Tool Steels and Other Similar Medium- and High-Alloy Steels
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013
• Referred By: ASTM E701-80(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Municipal Ferrous Scrap
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E351 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
1
Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E351; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 208
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig
(0.006%to1.00%) 218
iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05
%to30.0%)—Discontinued
iron, malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular) iron having
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 %
chemical compositions within the following limits:
to 4.5 %) 53
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to
Element Composition Range, %
4.50 %) 61
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to
Aluminum 0.003 to 0.50
7.5 %) 116
Antimony 0.005 to 0.03
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric
Arsenic 0.02 to 0.10
Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %) 81
Bismuth 0.001 to 0.03
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Method (0.001 % to
Boron 0.001 to 0.10
0.15 %) 126
Cadmium 0.001 to 0.005
Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 71
Carbon 1.25 to 4.50
Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to
Cerium 0.005 to 0.05
2.00 %) 8
Chromium 0.01 to 30.00
Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10
Cobalt 0.01 to 4.50
% to 3.5 %) 152
Copper 0.03 to 7.50
Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric
Lead 0.001 to 0.15
Method 257
Magnesium 0.002 to 0.10
Molybdenum by the Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.5 %) 196
Manganese 0.06 to 2.50
Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 36.00
Molybdenum 0.01 to 5.00
%) 168
Nickel 0.01 to 36.00
Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Method (0.005 % to
Phosphorus 0.01 to 0.90
1.00 %) 176
Selenium 0.001 to 0.06
Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %) 160
Silicon 0.10 to 6.0
Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method
Sulfur 0.005 to 0.25
(0.02%to0.90%) 18
Tellurium 0.001 to 0.35
Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 6.0 %) 46
Tin 0.001 to 0.35
Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 30
Titanium 0.001 to 0.20
Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to
Tungsten 0.001 to 0.20
0.25 %)—Discontinued 37
Vanadium 0.005 to 0.50
Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued
Zinc 0.005 to 0.20
Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the 0.10 %) 186
Tin by the Sulfide-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 % to 0.35 %) 89
sections indicated below:
Titanium, Total, by the Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometric
Sections
Method (0.006 % to 0.35 %) 246
Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %) 227
Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption
1.3 Procedures for the determination of carbon and sulfur
Method (1 % to 3 %) 108
Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to
not included in these test methods can be found in Test
4.50 %)—Discontinued 97
Methods E1019.
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001
1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too
%to0.30%) 237
broad to be covered by a single method and therefore this
standard contains multiple methods for some elements. The
user must select the proper method by matching the informa-
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on
tion given in the Scope and Interference sections of each
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and are the direct
method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E351–93 (Reap-
proved 2006). DOI: 10.1520/E0351-13. standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E351 − 13
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4. Significance and Use
safety conce
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E351 − 93 (Reapproved 2006) E351 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
1
Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron—All Types
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E351; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast iron,
malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular(nodular)) iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:
Element Concentration Range, %
Element Composition Range, %
4
Aluminum 0.003 to 0.50
Aluminum 0.003 to 0.50
Antimony 0.005 to 0.03
4
Arsenic 0.02 to 0.10
Arsenic 0.02 to 0.10
4
Bismuth 0.001 to 0.03
Bismuth 0.001 to 0.03
4
Boron 0.001 to 0.10
Boron 0.001 to 0.10
4
Cadmium 0.001 to 0.005
Cadmium 0.001 to 0.005
Carbon 1.25 to 4.50
4
Cerium 0.005 to 0.05
Cerium 0.005 to 0.05
Chromium 0.01 to 30.00
4
Cobalt 0.01 to 4.50
Cobalt 0.01 to 4.50
Copper 0.03 to 7.50
4
Lead 0.001 to 0.15
Lead 0.001 to 0.15
Magnesium 0.002 to 0.10
Manganese 0.06 to 2.50
Molybdenum 0.01 to 5.00
Nickel 0.01 to 36.00
Phosphorus 0.01 to 0.90
4
Selenium 0.001 to 0.06
Selenium 0.001 to 0.06
Silicon 0.10 to 6.0
Silicon 0.10 to 6.0
Sulfur 0.005 to 0.25
4
Tellurium 0.001 to 0.35
Tellurium 0.001 to 0.35
4
Tin 0.001 to 0.35
Tin 0.001 to 0.35
4
Titanium 0.001 to 0.20
Titanium 0.001 to 0.20
4
Tungsten 0.001 to 0.20
Tungsten 0.001 to 0.20
4
Vanadium 0.005 to 0.50
Vanadium 0.005 to 0.50
4
Zinc 0.005 to 0.20
Zinc 0.005 to 0.20
1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee E01.01 on Iron, Steel, and Ferroalloys.
Current edition approved June 1, 2006Feb. 1, 2013. Published June 2006May 2013. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 as E351 – 93
ε1
(2000) . DOI: 10.1520/E0351-93R06. (Reapproved 2006). DOI: 10.1520/E0351-13.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E351 − 13
Sections
Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Gravimetric Method (1
to 3 %) 108
Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption
Method (1 % to 3 %) 108
Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 to
4.50 %) 97
Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to
4.50 %)—Discontinued 97
Cerium and Lanthanum by the D-C Plasma Optical Emission
Method (Ce: 0.003 to 0.5 %; La: 0.001 to 0.30 %) 237
Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001
% to 0.30 %) 237
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 to 1.00 %) 208
Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 208
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.006 to 1.00 %) 218
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method
(0.006 % to 1.00 %) 218
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05
4 a
to 30.0 %)
Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05
% to 30.0 %)—Discontinued
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 to
4.5 %) 53
Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 %
to 4.5 %) 53
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Photometric Method (0.01 to 4.50 %) 61
Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to
4.50 %) 61
Copper by the Neocuproine Photometric Method (0.03 to 7.5 %) 116
Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to
7.5 %) 116
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric
Method (0.03 to 7.5 %) 81
Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric
Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %) 81
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Method (0.001 to
0.15 %) 126
Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Method (0.001 % to
0.15 %) 126
Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 to 0.10 %) 71
Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 71
Manganese by the Periodate Photometric Method (0.10 to 2.00 %)
...