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ASTM A31-14(2020)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels

Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements, and associated test methods for steel rivets for use in boilers and pressure vessels, and steel bars for use in the manufacture of such rivets. Two grades of steel are covered here, as follows: Grade A and Grade B. The steel used to make the rivets shall be manufactured by open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen process, and the corresponding rivets shall be manufactured from steel bars conforming to the applicable bar grade ordered. The steel shall undergo heat and product analysis for measurements of chemical contents for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. Finished bars and rivets shall go through rivet bend, rivet flattening, bar tensile, and bar bend tests for measurements of mechanical properties such as ratio of bend diameter to diameter of the shank for rivets, and tensile strength, yield point, elongation, and ratio of bend diameter to diameter of specimen for bars.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers steel rivets for use in boilers and pressure vessels and steel bars for use in the manufacture of rivets.  
1.2 Two grades are covered:  
1.2.1 Grade A—Bars having a yield point of 23 000 psi (160 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.18 % maximum.  
1.2.2 Grade B—Bars having a yield point of 29 000 psi (200 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.28 % maximum.  
1.2.3 Rivets are manufactured from the applicable bar grade.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2020
ICS
21.060.40 - Rivets
Technical Committee
F16 - Fasteners
Drafting Committee
F16.06 - Steel Washers and Rivets
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM A31-14(2020) - Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure VesselsASTM A31-14(2020) - Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels
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ASTM A31-14(2020) - Standard Specification for Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A31 −14 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Specification for
1
Steel Rivets and Bars for Rivets, Pressure Vessels
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA31; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
4
1. Scope* 2.2 ASME Standards:
7
2
B18.1.1 Small Solid Rivets ⁄16 Inch Nominal Diameter and
1.1 This specification covers steel rivets for use in boilers
Smaller
and pressure vessels and steel bars for use in the manufacture
1
B18.1.2 Large Rivets ⁄2 Inch Nominal Diameter and Larger
of rivets.
B18.24 Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Stan-
1.2 Two grades are covered:
dard for B18 Fastener Products
1.2.1 Grade A—Bars having a yield point of 23 000 psi
(160 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.18 % maximum.
3. Ordering Information
1.2.2 Grade B—Bars having a yield point of 29 000 psi
3.1 Orders for rivets and bars under this specification shall
(200 MPa) minimum with carbon 0.28 % maximum.
include:
1.2.3 Rivets are manufactured from the applicable bar
3.1.1 Specification designation and date of issue,
grade.
3.1.2 Quantity—Number of pieces for rivets and weight for
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
bars,
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
3.1.3 Name of product and grade (A or B),
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.4 Size (diameter and length),
and are not considered standard.
3.1.5 Rivet head type,
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.6 If inspection at point of manufacture is required,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.1.7 Certification, if required (Section 14), and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.8 Additional testing or special requirements, if required.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.1.9 For establishment of a part identifying system, see
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ASME B18.24.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is: ASTM A31 – 82, 10 000
1
pieces, steel rivets GradeA, ⁄2 by 2 in., button head, test reports required.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Materials and Manufacture
A29/A29M SpecificationforGeneralRequirementsforSteel
4.1 The steel shall be made by any of the following
Bars, Carbon and Alloy, Hot-Wrought
processes: open-hearth, electric-furnace, or basic-oxygen.
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
of Steel Products 4.2 Rivets shall be manufactured from rivet bars conform-
ing to the applicable grade ordered.
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
Steel Products
4.3 Rivets shall be manufactured by hot- or cold-heading.
F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
4.4 Bars shall be furnished as rolled and not pickled, blast
chanical Properties and Performance Inspection
cleaned,oroiled.Atproducer’soption,barsmaybecleanedfor
inspection or cold drawn.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.06 on Steel Washers
5. Chemical Composition
and Rivets.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally
5.1 The steel shall conform to chemical composition pre-
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A31 – 14. DOI:
scribed in Table 1.
10.1520/A0031-14R20.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
cation SA-31 in Section II of that Code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
the ASTM website. www.asme.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A31 − 14 (2020)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 2 Bend Requirements, Rivets
Grade A Grade B Ratio of Bend Diameter to Diameter of
Diameter of
River Shank
Heat Product Heat Product
Rivet Shank, in.
Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Grade A Grade B
3
Carbon, max, % 0.18 0.1
...

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4.2 This guide is applicable to cast-in-place concrete construction. The use of this guide may not be appropriate for installation of waterstops in other types of concrete construction, including but not limited to, pneumatically applied (that is, shotcrete) and precast concrete construction.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the use of waterstops within cast-in-place concrete construction. Waterstops are generally placed within static, non-moving construction joints in concrete to close off the joint to water, which may be under significant hydrostatic pressure. They are used as part of the overall waterproofing strategy for a building or other structure. Expansion and other types of moving joints may require the use of waterstops, which can accommodate the anticipated movement of the structure and are beyond the scope of this guide.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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