ASTM E6-08a

Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general definitions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.  
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E 1823.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2008
• ICS: 01.040.19 - Testing (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 19.060 - Mechanical testing
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.91 - Terminology

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E6-08 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM E6-09 - Standard Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7958/D7958M-17 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance for FRP Composite Bonded to Concrete Substrate using Beam Test
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7264/D7264M-21 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM A370-23 - Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E855-21 - Standard Test Methods for Bend Testing of Metallic Flat Materials for Spring Applications Involving Static Loading
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E915-21 - Standard Practice for Verifying the Alignment of X-Ray Diffraction Instruments for Residual Stress Measurement
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E9-19 - Standard Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Materials at Room Temperature
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F2790-10(2019)e1 - Standard Practice for Static and Dynamic Characterization of Motion Preserving Lumbar Total Facet Prostheses
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D7617/D7617M-11(2017) - Standard Test Method for Transverse Shear Strength of Fiber-reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1876-22 - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio by Impulse Excitation of Vibration
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1361-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Constant-Amplitude, Axial, Tension-Tension Cyclic Fatigue of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperatures
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F2842-20 - Standard Specification for Reins Used in Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse Racing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1899-21 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Advanced Ceramic Tubular Test Specimens at Ambient Temperature
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D198-22a - Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E6–08a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Methods of Mechanical Testing
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE6;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
Term
angular strain see strain
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to
axial strain see strain
methods of mechanical testing of solids. The general defini-
bending strain see strain
chord modulus see modulus of elasticity
tions are restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make
direct verification see verification
them particularly applicable and practicable for use in stan-
compressive stress see stress
dards requiring or relating to mechanical tests. These defini-
elastic constants see modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s
ratio
tions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in
elastic modulus see modulus of elasticity
product specifications.
engineering strain see strain
1.2 Termsrelatingtofatigueandfracturetestingaredefined engineering stress see stress
fracture stress see stress
in Terminology E1823.
indirect verification see verification
linear (tensile or compressive) strain see strain
2. Referenced Documents
macrostrain see strain
2
malleability see ductility
2.1 ASTM Standards:
microstrain see strain
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic
modulus of rigidity see modulus of elasticity
Materials
nominal stress see stress
normal stress see stress
E796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
physical properties see mechanical properties
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Test-
pin see mandrel (in bend testing)
ing plunger see mandrel (in bend testing)
3
principal stress see stress
2.2 ISO Standard:
residual strain see strain
ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 International Vocabulary of
residual stress see stress
metrology—Basic and general concepts and terms (VIM) Rockwell superficial see Rockwell hardness number
hardness number
secant modulus see modulus of elasticity
3. Index of Cross-References and Associated Definitions
shear strain see strain
3.1 The terms listed below are associated with terminology shear stress see stress
static fatigue strength see creep rupture strength
that is fundamental or commonly used. The definition for the
strain gauge fatigue life see fatigue life
termofinterestisrelatedtoorisgivenbelowthedefinitionfor
stress-rupture strength see creep rupture strength
the fundamental term cited. tangent modulus see modulus of elasticity
tensile stress see stress
torsional modulus see modulus of elasticity
torsional stress see stress
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
transverse strain see strain
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.91 on
true strain see strain
Terminology except where designated otherwise. A subcommittee designation in
true stress see stress
parenthesesfollowingadefinitionindicatesthesubcommitteewithresponsibilityfor
ultimate tensile strength (UTS) see tensile strength
that definition.
yield strength see also upper yield strength and lower
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally
yield strength
approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 2008 asE6–08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4. Terminology
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1 Terms and Definitions:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 accuracy, n—the permissible variation from the correct value.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch. (E28.01)
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E6–08a
alignment, n—the condition of a testing machine and load indentation which is assumed to be sphereical and of the
train (including the test specimen) that influences the intro- diameter of the ball.
duction of bending moments into a specimen during tensile
2 2 –1 2
/
HBW 50.10232F/pD[D– ~D – d ! (1)
loading. (E28.04)
angle of bend, n—the change in the angle between the two
where:
legs of the specimen during a bend test, measured before F = test force, N,
release of the bending forces. D = diameter of ball, mm, and
d = mean diameter of the indentation, mm.
DISCUSSION—The angle of bend is measured before release of the
DISCUSSION—In forme
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E6–08 Designation:E6–08a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Methods of Mechanical Testing
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE6;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids.The general definitions are
restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or
relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E1823.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 International Vocabulary of metrology—Basic and general concepts and terms (VIM)
3. Index of Cross-References and Associated Definitions
3.1 The terms listed below are associated with terminology that is fundamental or commonly used. The definition for the term
of interest is related to or is given below the definition for the fundamental term cited.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.91 on Terminology
except where designated otherwise. A subcommittee designation in parentheses following a definition indicates the subcommittee with responsibility for that definition.
Current edition approved Feb.Oct. 1, 2008. Published FebruaryDecember 2008. Originally approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as E6–07b.
E6–08.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E6–08a
Term
angular strain see strain
axial strain see strain
bending strain see strain
chord modulus see modulus of elasticity
direct verification see verification
compressive stress see stress
elastic constants see modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s
ratio
elastic modulus see modulus of elasticity
engineering strain see strain
engineering stress see stress
fracture stress see stress
indirect verification see verification
linear (tensile or compressive) strain see strain
macrostrain see strain
malleability see ductility
microstrain see strain
modulus of rigidity see modulus of elasticity
nominal stress see stress
normal stress see stress
physical properties see mechanical properties
pin see mandrel (in bend testing)
plunger see mandrel (in bend testing)
principal stress see stress
residual strain see strain
residual stress see stress
Rockwell superficial see Rockwell hardness number
hardness number
secant modulus see modulus of elasticity
shear strain see strain
shear stress see stress
static fatigue strength see creep rupture strength
strain gage fatigue life see fatigue life
strain gauge fatigue life see fatigue life
stress-rupture strength see creep rupture strength
tangent modulus see modulus of elasticity
tensile stress see stress
torsional modulus see modulus of elasticity
torsional stress see stress
transverse strain see strain
true strain see strain
true stress see stress
ultimate tensile strength (UTS) see tensile strength
yield strength see also upper yield strength and lower
yield strength
4. Terminology
4.1 Terms and Definitions:
accuracy, n—the permissible variation from the correct value. (E28.01)
alignment, n—the condition of a testing machine and load train (including the test specimen) that influences the introduction of
bending moments into a specimen during tensile loading. (E28.04)
angle of bend, n—the change in the angle between the two legs of the specimen during
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E6–08 Designation:E6–08a
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Methods of Mechanical Testing
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE6;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers the principal terms relating to methods of mechanical testing of solids.The general definitions are
restricted and interpreted, when necessary, to make them particularly applicable and practicable for use in standards requiring or
relating to mechanical tests. These definitions are published to encourage uniformity of terminology in product specifications.
1.2 Terms relating to fatigue and fracture testing are defined in Terminology E1823.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E796 Test Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007 International Vocabulary of metrology—Basic and general concepts and terms (VIM)
3. Index of Cross-References and Associated Definitions
3.1 The terms listed below are associated with terminology that is fundamental or commonly used. The definition for the term
of interest is related to or is given below the definition for the fundamental term cited.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.91 on Terminology
except where designated otherwise. A subcommittee designation in parentheses following a definition indicates the subcommittee with responsibility for that definition.
Current edition approved Feb.Oct. 1, 2008. Published FebruaryDecember 2008. Originally approved in 1923. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as E6–07b.
E6–08.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E6–08a
Term
angular strain see strain
axial strain see strain
bending strain see strain
chord modulus see modulus of elasticity
direct verification see verification
compressive stress see stress
elastic constants see modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s
ratio
elastic modulus see modulus of elasticity
engineering strain see strain
engineering stress see stress
fracture stress see stress
indirect verification see verification
linear (tensile or compressive) strain see strain
macrostrain see strain
malleability see ductility
microstrain see strain
modulus of rigidity see modulus of elasticity
nominal stress see stress
normal stress see stress
physical properties see mechanical properties
pin see mandrel (in bend testing)
plunger see mandrel (in bend testing)
principal stress see stress
residual strain see strain
residual stress see stress
Rockwell superficial see Rockwell hardness number
hardness number
secant modulus see modulus of elasticity
shear strain see strain
shear stress see stress
static fatigue strength see creep rupture strength
strain gage fatigue life see fatigue life
strain gauge fatigue life see fatigue life
stress-rupture strength see creep rupture strength
tangent modulus see modulus of elasticity
tensile stress see stress
torsional modulus see modulus of elasticity
torsional stress see stress
transverse strain see strain
true strain see strain
true stress see stress
ultimate tensile strength (UTS) see tensile strength
yield strength see also upper yield strength and lower
yield strength
4. Terminology
4.1 Terms and Definitions:
accuracy, n—the permissible variation from the correct value. (E28.01)
alignment, n—the condition of a testing machine and load train (including the test specimen) that influences the introduction of
bending moments into a specimen during tensile loading. (E28.04)
angle of bend, n—the change in the angle between the two legs of the specimen during
...