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ASTM E1941-98

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys

Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys

SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of carbon in refractory and reactive metals and their alloys in concentrations from 0.004 to 0.100% (see Note 1).  
Note 1- Actual instrument range might vary from manufacturer to manufacturer and according to sample size.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-1998
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
E01 - Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
Drafting Committee
E01.06 - Ti, Zr, W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Hf, Re
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E1941-04 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM B338-17(2021) - Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Titanium and Titanium Alloy Tubes for Condensers and Heat Exchangers
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM F2063-18 - Standard Specification for Wrought Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloys for Medical Devices and Surgical Implants
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM B348/B348M-21 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM B861-19 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Seamless Pipe
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM B381-21 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Forgings
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM F1472-23 - Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56400)
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM F3055-14a(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N07718) with Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM B988-18(2022) - Standard Specification for Powder Metallurgy (PM) Titanium and Titanium Alloy Structural Components
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM F2989-21 - Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Unalloyed Titanium Components for Surgical Implant Applications
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM F1813-21 - Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-12Molybdenum-6Zirconium-2Iron Alloy for Surgical Implant (UNS R58120)
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM F136-13(2021)e1 - Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56401)
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM F1295-23 - Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-7Niobium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56700)
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM F3056-14(2021) - Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998
Referred By
ASTM B863-19 - Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Wire
Effective Date
10-Feb-1998

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ASTM E1941-98 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their AlloysASTM E1941-98 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys
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ASTM E1941-98 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 1941 – 98
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals
and Their Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1941; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope furnace. The carbon in the specimen is oxidized to carbon
dioxide or carbon monoxide, or both, and is eventually carried
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of carbon
to the analyzer/detector. The amount of carbon present is
in refractory and reactive metals and their alloys in concentra-
electronically processed and is displayed by the analyzer
tions from 0.004 to 0.100 % (see Note 1).
readout.
NOTE 1—Actual instrument range might vary from manufacturer to
3.2 This test method is written for use with commercially
manufacturer and according to sample size.
available analyzers equipped to carry out the above operations
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and calibrated using commercially available standards of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
known carbon content.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
4.1 This test method is intended to test for compliance with
tionary statements are given in Section 8.
compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use this
method will be trained analysts capable of performing common
2. Referenced Documents
laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
5. Interferences
Determine Conformance with Specifications.
E 50 Practices for Apparatus, Reagents, and Safety Precau-
5.1 The elements ordinarily present in these alloys do not
tions for Chemical Analysis of Metals
interfere. Halides that are present in some sponge type samples
E 55 Practice for Sampling Wrought Nonferrous Metals and
will cause low carbon recovery.
Alloys for the Determination of Chemical Composition
6. Apparatus
E 1601 Practice for conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Evaluate the Performance of an Analytical Method 6.1 Combustion Furnace and Measurement Apparatus, au-
E 456 Terminology for Statistical Methods
tomatic carbon determinator, consisting of an induction fur-
E 1019 Test Methods for Determination of Carbon, Sulfur, nace; a dust/debris removal trap; an analytical gas stream
Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Hydrogen in Steel and in Iron,
purification system; an infrared detection system; and an
Nickel, and Cobalt Alloys. automatic readout (see Note 2).
NOTE 2—Several models of commercial carbon determinators are
3. Summary of Test Method
available and presently in use in industry. Each has its own unique design
3.1 The metal specimen, contained in a single-use ceramic
characteristics and operational requirements. Consult the instrument
crucible, is ignited in an oxygen atmosphere in an induction
manufacturer’s instruction manuals for operational details.
6.2 Oxygen Tank and Regulator.
1 6.3 Ceramic Crucibles and Lids, that meet or exceed the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-1 on
Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct instrument manufacturer’s specifications. Use lids with holes
responsibility of Subcommittee E01.06 on Titanium, Zirconium, Tungsten, Molyb-
in them.
denum, Tantalum, Niobium, Hafnium, and Rhenium.
6.4 Crucible Tongs, capable of handling recommended cru-
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1998. Published August 1998.
cibles.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
6.5 Balance, capable of weighing to the nearest milligram.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1941–98
6.6 Muffle Furnace, capable of reaching and sustaining a calibration RM’s will consist of a commercial RM’s of known
temperature of at least 700°C. carbon content (standard value should slightly exceed that of
the unknown), one scoop (approximately 1 g) of iron chip
7. Reagents
accelerator and one scoop (approximately 1.5 g) of copper
7.1 Acetone (A.R., or other suitable, degreasing reagents).
accelerator in a prepared crucible, plus a prepared crucible lid.
7.2 Copper Accelerator, (low carbon).
11.2 Crucible Blank—The crucible blank will consist of one
7.3 Iron Chip Accelerator.
scoop (approximately 1 g) of iron chip accelerator and one
7.4 Magnesium Perchlorate (Anhydrone).
scoop (approximately 1.5 g) of copper accelerator in a prepared
7.5 Oxygen, high purity (99.5 % minimum).
crucible plus a prepared crucible lid.
7.6 Sodium Hydroxide on Clay Base (8-20 Mesh), com-
11.3 Calibration Procedure
monly known as Ascarite III.
11.3.1 Prepare at least four 0.50 g specimens of a carbon
7.7 Reference Materials, commercially available RM’s of
RM as directed in Section 10 and 11.1. Also prepare four
known carbon content.
crucible blanks as described in 11.2.
11.3.2 Follow the calibration procedure as detailed in the
8. Hazards
manufacturer’s instruction manual. Calibrate with at least three
8.1 For hazards to be observed in the use of certain reagents
RM’s and three crucible blanks.
and equipment in this test method, refer to Practices E 50.
11.3.3 Analyze a fourth carbon RM and a fourth crucible
8.2
...

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3.1 Definitions given in Section 4 are intended for use in all standards on analytical chemistry for metals, ores, and related materials. The definitions should be used uniformly and consistently. The purpose of these definitions is to promote clear understanding and interpretation of the standards in which the terms are used.
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5.1 The chemical composition of cast iron alloys shall be determined accurately in order to ensure the desired metallurgical properties. This procedure is suitable for manufacturing control and inspection testing.
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1.1 This test method covers the analysis of cast iron by spark atomic emission spectrometry for the following elements in the ranges shown (Note 1):
Ranges, %  
Elements  
Applicable Range, %  
Quantitative Range, %A  
Carbon  
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1.90 to 3.8  
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Sections  
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6  
General  
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Sample  
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General  
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Spoon Sampling  
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Probe Sampling  
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Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
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General  
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Spoon Sampling  
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Probe Sampling  
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Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
8.4  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination of  
8.5  
Oxygen and Hydrogen  
Liquid Steel for Steel Production  
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General  
9.1  
Probe Sampling  
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Spoon Sampling  
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Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
9.4  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
9.5  
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Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
9.6  
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General  
10.1  
Increment Sampling  
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Preparation of a Sample for Analysis  
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General  
11.1  
Sampling and Sample Preparation  
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Sections  
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General  
12.1  
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Analysis from a Wrought Product  
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12.5  
Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
12.6  
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Sampling and Sample Preparation for the Determination  
12.7  
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Annexes  
Sampling Probes for Use with Liquid Iron and Steel  
Annex A1  
Sampling Probes for Use with Liquid Steel for the  
Annex A2  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principle...

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Silver in Copper Concentrates by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In the primary metallurgical processes used by the mineral processing industry for copper bearing ores, copper and silver associated with sulfide mineralization are concentrated by the process of flotation for recovery of the metals.  
5.2 This test method is a comparative method and is intended to be a referee method for compliance with compositional specifications for metal content or to monitor processes.  
5.3 It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Appropriate quality control practices must be followed such as those described in Guide E882.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of silver in the range of 13 μg/g to 500 μg/g by acid dissolution of the silver and measurement by atomic absorption spectrometry. Copper concentrates are internationally traded within the following content ranges:    
Element  
Unit  
Content Range  
Aluminum  
%  
0.05  
to  
2.50  
Antimony  
%  
0.0001  
to  
4.50  
Arsenic  
%  
0.01  
to  
0.50  
Barium  
%  
0.003  
to  
0.10  
Bismuth  
%  
0.001  
to  
0.16  
Cadmium  
%  
0.0005  
to  
0.04  
Calcium  
%  
0.05  
to  
4.00  
Carbon  
%  
0.10  
to  
0.90  
Chlorine  
%  
0.001  
to  
0.006  
Chromium  
%  
0.0001  
to  
0.10  
Cobalt  
%  
0.0005  
to  
0.20  
Copper  
%  
10.0  
to  
44.0  
Fluorine  
%  
0.001  
to  
0.10  
Gold  
μg/g  
1.40  
to  
100.0  
Iron  
%  
12.0  
to  
30.0  
Lead  
%  
0.01  
to  
1.40  
Magnesium  
%  
0.02  
to  
2.00  
Manganese  
%  
0.009  
to  
0.10  
Mercury  
μg/g  
0.05  
to  
50.0  
Molybdenum  
%  
0.002  
to  
0.25  
Nickel  
%  
0.0001  
to  
0.08  
Silicon  
%  
0.40  
to  
20.0  
Silver  
μg/g  
18.0  
to  
8000  
Sulfur  
%  
10.0  
to  
36.0  
Tin  
%  
0.004  
to  
0.012  
Zinc  
%  
0.005  
to  
4.30  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1805-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Gold in Copper Concentrates by Fire Assay Gravimetry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In the metallurgical process used in the mining industries, gold is often carried along with copper during the flotation concentration process. Metallurgical accounting, process control, and concentrate evaluation procedures for this type of material depend on an accurate, precise measurement of the gold in the copper concentrate. This test method is intended to be a reference method for metallurgical laboratories and a referee method to settle disputes in commercial transactions. It is also a definitive method intended to test materials for compliance with compositional specifications and to provide data for certification of reference materials. It is essential that each performance of the method be validated by applying it to appropriate reference materials at the same time and in the same manner as it is applied to the unknowns.  
5.2 It is assumed that all who use this test method will be trained analysts capable of performing skillfully and safely. It is expected that the work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is for the determination of gold in copper concentrates in the content range from 0.2 μg/g to 17 μg/g.
Note 1: The lower scope limit is set in accordance with Practice E1601.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 11.3.1, 11.5.4, and 11.6.5.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E508-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Iron Ores by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended as a referee method for compliance with compositional specifications for impurity content. It is assumed that all who use this procedure will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory practices skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory and that proper waste disposal procedures will be followed. Follow appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of calcium and magnesium in iron ores, concentrates, and agglomerates in the mass fraction (%) range from 0.05 % to 5 % of calcium and 0.05 % to 3 % of magnesium.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1184-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of Elements by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended for users who are attempting to establish GF-AAS procedures. It should be helpful for establishing a complete atomic absorption analysis program.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the determination of microgram per milliliter (μg/mL) or lower concentrations of elements in solution using a graphite furnace attached to an atomic absorption spectrometer. A general description of the equipment is provided. Recommendations are made for preparing the instrument for measurements, establishing optimum temperature conditions and other criteria which should result in determining a useful calibration concentration range, and measuring and calculating the test solution analyte concentration.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 9.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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