ASTM C127-04

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the average density of a quantity of coarse aggregate particles (not including the volume of voids between the particles), the relative density (specific gravity), and the absorption of the coarse aggregate. Depending on the procedure used, the density (kg/m3 (lb/ft3)) is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent density. Likewise, relative density (specific gravity), a dimensionless quantity, is expressed as OD, SSD, or as apparent relative density (apparent specific gravity). The OD density and OD relative density are determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD density, SSD relative density, and absorption are determined after soaking the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate particles and provides an average value representing the sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate particles as determined by this test method, and the bulk density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C 29/C 29M, which includes the volume of voids between the particles of aggregates.
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used with lightweight aggregates.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2004
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
• Drafting Committee: C09.20 - Aggregates

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C127-01 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Replaced By: ASTM C127-07 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2007
• Referred By: ASTM C1260-22 - Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C778-21 - Standard Specification for Standard Sand
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1800/C1800M-16 - Standard Test Method for Determining Density of Roller-Compacted Concrete Specimens Using the Gyratory Compactor
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C685/C685M-17 - Standard Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous Mixing
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C330/C330M-23 - Standard Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D1557-12(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft³ (2,700 kN-m/m³))
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C192/C192M-19 - Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1077-17 - Standard Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency Evaluation
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1567-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C1439-19 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluating Latex and Powder Polymer Modifiers for use in Hydraulic Cement Concrete and Mortar
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D6473-15 - Standard Test Method For Specific Gravity And Absorption of Rock For Erosion Control
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM C29/C29M-17a - Standard Test Method for Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004
• Referred By: ASTM D5030/D5030M-21 - Standard Test Methods for Density of In-Place Soil and Rock Materials by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2004

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 127 – 04
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption
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of Coarse Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 127; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheaverage
density of a quantity of coarse aggregate particles (not includ-
2. Referenced Documents
ing the volume of voids between the particles), the relative
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
density (specific gravity), and the absorption of the coarse
C 29/C 29M TestMethodforBulkDensity(“UnitWeight”)
aggregate. Depending on the procedure used, the density
3 3 and Voids in Aggregate
(kg/m (lb/ft )) is expressed as oven-dry (OD), saturated-
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
surface-dry (SSD), or as apparent density. Likewise, relative
Aggregates
density (specific gravity), a dimensionless quantity, is ex-
C 128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
pressed as OD, SSD, or as apparent relative density (apparent
Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
specific gravity). The OD density and OD relative density are
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse
determined after drying the aggregate. The SSD density, SSD
Aggregates
relative density, and absorption are determined after soaking
C 566 Test Method for Total Evaporable Moisture Content
the aggregate in water for a prescribed duration.
of Aggregate by Drying
1.2 This test method is used to determine the density of the
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
essentially solid portion of a large number of aggregate
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
particles and provides an average value representing the
C 702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to
sample. Distinction is made between the density of aggregate
Testing Size
particles as determined by this test method, and the bulk
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
density of aggregates as determined by Test Method C 29/
D 448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and
C 29M, which includes the volume of voids between the
Bridge Construction
particles of aggregates.
E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing
1.3 This test method is not intended to be used with
Purposes
lightweight aggregates.
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
AASHTO No. T 85 Specific Gravity and Absorption of
standard for conducting the tests. The test results for density
3
Coarse Aggregate
shall be reported in either SI units or inch-pound units, as
appropriate for the use to be made of the results.
3. Terminology
1.5 The text of this test method references notes and
3.1 Definitions:
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
3.1.1 absorption, n—the increase in mass of aggregate due
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
to water penetration into the pores of the particles during a
considered as requirements of this test method.
prescribed period of time, but not including water adhering to
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the outside surface of the particles, expressed as a percentage
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the dry mass.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
approved in 1936. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as C 127 – 01. Officials, 444 North Capitol St. N.W., Suite 225, Washington, DC 20001.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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