ASTM D3948-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a measure of the presence of surfactants in aviation turbine fuels. Like Test Methods D 2550 and D 3602, this test method can detect carryover traces of refinery treating residues in fuel as produced. They can also detect surface active substances added to or picked up by the fuel during handling from point of production to point of use. Certain additives can also have an adverse effect on the rating. Some of these substances affect the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel.
The Micro-Separometer has a measurement range from 50 to 100. Values obtained outside of those limits are undefined and invalid. In the event a value greater than 100 is obtained, there is a good probability that light transmittance was reduced by material contained in the fuel used to set the 100 reference level. The material was subsequently removed during the coalescing portion of the test, thus, the processed fuel had a higher light transmittance than the fuel sample used to obtain the 100 reference level resulting in the final rating measuring in excess of 100.
Test Mode A function of the separometer will give approximately the same rating for Jet A, Jet A-1, MIL JP-5, MIL JP-7, and MIL JP-8 fuels as Test Methods D 2550 and D 3602. Using Mode A water separation characteristic ratings of Jet B and MIL JP-4 fuels will not necessarily be equivalent to Test Method D 2550 but will give approximately the same rating as Test Method D 3602. All Micro-Separometers have Test Mode A capability.
The Test Mode B option is used to determine water separation ratings for MIL JP-4 fuels containing fuel system corrosion and icing inhibitors. These ratings are approximately the same as those obtained using Test Method D 2550.
Selection of Mode A or Mode B depends on the specific fuel and specification requirement. Table 1 identifies the recommended test method for various fuels.
The basic difference between Modes A and B is the flow rate at which...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to release entrained or emulsified water when passed through fiberglass coalescing material.
1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains two different modes of test equipment operation. The primary difference between the modes of operation is the rate of fuel flow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test method selection is dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation:D3948–08
Standard Test Method for
Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation
1
Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
4
1. Scope* 2.2 Military Standards:
MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5, and
1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field
JP-5/JP-8 ST
andlaboratoryusetoratetheabilityofaviationturbinefuelsto
MIL-T-38219 Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7
release entrained or emulsified water when passed through
MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types,
fiberglass coalescing material.
NATO F34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100
1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains two
different modes of test equipment operation. The primary
3. Terminology
difference between the modes of operation is the rate of fuel
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
flow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test method
3.1.1 Micro-Separometer rating (MSEP)—a numerical
selection is dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.
value indicating the ease of separating emulsified water from
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
fuel by coalescence as affected by the presence of surface
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
active materials (surfactants).
only.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—MSEP ratings obtained using Test A
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
andTestBaretermedMSEP-AandMSEP-B,respectively.The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
MSEP rating is comparable to the Water Separometer Index,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Modified (WSIM) and the Minisonic Separometer Surfactants
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(MSS) of Test Method D2550 and field Test Method D3602,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
respectively.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1.2 Discussion—The results of precision programs with
2
the Micro-Separometer and its correlation with other rating
2.1 ASTM Standards:
methods (Test Methods D2550 and D3602) are discussed in
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
5
Appendix X3.
D2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristics
3 3.1.2 reference fluids—fuels that have been, as a minimum,
of Aviation Turbine Fuels
clay treated and, as required, subjected to a water wash process
D3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of
3 and passed through a filter separator; and to which prescribed
Aviation Turbine Fuels
quantities of a known surface active agent (typically bis-2-
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate in toluene) have been added.
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
4. Summary of Test Method
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
4.1 A water/fuel sample emulsion is created in a syringe
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
using a high-speed mixer. The emulsion is then expelled from
D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.
the syringe at a programmed rate through a standard fiber-glass
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3948–07. coalescer and the effluent is analyzed for uncoalesced water by
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
the ASTM website. DOI: 10.1520/D3948-08. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
3 5
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
on www.astm.org. be obtained by requesting Research Report D02-1050.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3948–08
TABLE 1 Applicable Test Mode for Various Fuels
6. Apparatus
6,7
Available Test Mode(s)
6.1 AMicro-Separometer is used to perform the test. The
Fuel Applicable Test Mode
unit is c
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D3948–07 Designation:D3948–08
Standard Test Method for
Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation
1
Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to
release entrained or emulsified water when passed through fiberglass coalescing material.
1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains two different modes of test equipment operation. The primary difference
between the modes of operation is the rate of fuel flow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test method selection is
dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3
D 2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels
3
D 3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels
D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.05
on Fuel Cleanliness.
Current edition approved JulyDec. 1, 2007.2008. Published July 2007.January 2009. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
D 3948–057.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3948–08
4
2.2 Military Standards:
MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5, and JP-5/JP-8 ST
MIL-T-38219 Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7
MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types, NATO F 34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Micro-Separometer rating (MSEP)—a numerical value indicating the ease of separating emulsified water from fuel by
coalescence as affected by the presence of surface active materials (surfactants).
3.1.1.1 Discussion—MSEPratingsobtainedusingTestAandTestBaretermedMSEP-AandMSEP-B,respectively.TheMSEP
rating is comparable to theWater Separometer Index, Modified (WSIM) and the Minisonic Separometer Surfactants (MSS) ofTest
Method D 2550 and field Test Method D 3602, respectively.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—The results of precision programs with the Micro-Separometer and its correlation with other rating
5
methods (Test Methods D 2550 and D 3602) are discussed in Appendix X3.
3.1.2 reference fluids—fuels that have been, as a minimum, clay treated and, as required, subjected to a water wash process and
passed through a filter separator; and to which prescribed quantities of a known surface active agent (typically bis-2-ethylhexyl
sodium sulfosuccinate in toluene) have been added.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A water/fuel sample emulsion is created in a syringe using a high-speed mixer. The emulsion is then expelled from the
syringe at a programmed rate through a standard fiber-glass coalescer and the effluent is analyzed for uncoalesced water by a light
transmission measurement. The results are reported on a 0-to-100 scale to the nearest whole number. High ratings indic
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D3948–07 Designation:D3948–08
Standard Test Method for
Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation
1
Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to
release entrained or emulsified water when passed through fiberglass coalescing material.
1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains two different modes of test equipment operation. The primary difference
between the modes of operation is the rate of fuel flow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test method selection is
dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
3
D 2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels
3
D 3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels
D 4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.05
on Fuel Cleanliness.
Current edition approved JulyDec. 1, 2007.2008. Published July 2007.January 2009. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 20052007 as
D 3948–057.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3948–08
4
2.2 Military Standards:
MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5, and JP-5/JP-8 ST
MIL-T-38219 Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7
MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types, NATO F 34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Micro-Separometer rating (MSEP)—a numerical value indicating the ease of separating emulsified water from fuel by
coalescence as affected by the presence of surface active materials (surfactants).
3.1.1.1 Discussion—MSEPratingsobtainedusingTestAandTestBaretermedMSEP-AandMSEP-B,respectively.TheMSEP
rating is comparable to theWater Separometer Index, Modified (WSIM) and the Minisonic Separometer Surfactants (MSS) ofTest
Method D 2550 and field Test Method D 3602, respectively.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—The results of precision programs with the Micro-Separometer and its correlation with other rating
5
methods (Test Methods D 2550 and D 3602) are discussed in Appendix X3.
3.1.2 reference fluids—fuels that have been, as a minimum, clay treated and, as required, subjected to a water wash process and
passed through a filter separator; and to which prescribed quantities of a known surface active agent (typically bis-2-ethylhexyl
sodium sulfosuccinate in toluene) have been added.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A water/fuel sample emulsion is created in a syringe using a high-speed mixer. The emulsion is then expelled from the
syringe at a programmed rate through a standard fiber-glass coalescer and the effluent is analyzed for uncoalesced water by a light
transmission measurement. The results are reported on a 0-to-100 scale to the nearest whole number. High ratings indic
...
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