ASTM D3948-11
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a measure of the presence of surfactants in aviation turbine fuels. Like Test Methods D2550 and D3602, this test method can detect carryover traces of refinery treating residues in fuel as produced. They can also detect surface active substances added to or picked up by the fuel during handling from point of production to point of use. Certain additives can also have an adverse effect on the rating. Some of these substances affect the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel.
The Micro-Separometer has a measurement range from 50 to 100. Values obtained outside of those limits are undefined and invalid. In the event a value greater than 100 is obtained, there is a good probability that light transmittance was reduced by material contained in the fuel used to set the 100 reference level. The material was subsequently removed during the coalescing portion of the test, thus, the processed fuel had a higher light transmittance than the fuel sample used to obtain the 100 reference level resulting in the final rating measuring in excess of 100.
Test Mode A function of the separometer will give approximately the same rating for Jet A, Jet A-1, MIL JP-5, MIL JP-7, and MIL JP-8 fuels as Test Methods D2550 and D3602. Using Mode A water separation characteristic ratings of Jet B and MIL JP-4 fuels will not necessarily be equivalent to Test Method D2550 but will give approximately the same rating as Test Method D3602. All Micro-Separometers have Test Mode A capability.
The Test Mode B option is used to determine water separation ratings for MIL JP-4 fuels containing fuel system corrosion and icing inhibitors. These ratings are approximately the same as those obtained using Test Method D2550.
Selection of Mode A or Mode B depends on the specific fuel and specification requirement. Table 1 identifies the recommended test method for various fuels.
The basic difference between Modes A and B is the flow rate at which the wa...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to release entrained or emulsified water when passed through fiberglass coalescing material.
1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains two different modes of test equipment operation. The primary difference between the modes of operation is the rate of fuel flow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test method selection is dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3948 − 11 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation
1
Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
4
1. Scope* 2.2 Military Standards:
MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5, and
1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field
JP-5/JP-8 ST
andlaboratoryusetoratetheabilityofaviationturbinefuelsto
MIL-T-38219 Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7
release entrained or emulsified water when passed through
MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types,
fiberglass coalescing material.
NATO F34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100
1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains two
different modes of test equipment operation. The primary
3. Terminology
difference between the modes of operation is the rate of fuel
3.1 Definitions:
flow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test method
3.1.1 Micro-Separometer rating (MSEP rating), n—in the
selection is dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.
aviation fuel industry, a numerical value indicating the ease of
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
separating emulsified water from aviation (jet) fuel by coales-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
cence as affected by the presence of surface active materials
only.
(also known as surface active agents or surfactants).
3.1.1.1 Discussion—MSEP ratings obtained using Test A
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and Test B are termed MSEP-A and MSEP-B, respectively.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1.2 Discussion—MSEPratings are only valid within the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
range of 50 to 100, with ratings at the upper end of the range
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
indicating a clean fuel with little or no contamination by
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
surfactants, which is expected to show good water-separating
properties when passed through a filter-separator (coalescing-
2. Referenced Documents
type filter) in actual service.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 reference fluid, n—in MSEP and DSEP [diesel sepa-
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
rability] water separability tests, a reference fluid base to
D2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristics
3
which a prescribed quantity of a known surface active agent
of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1989)
has been added.
D3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of
3
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The known surface active agent is typi-
Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1994)
cally bis-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate, commonly re-
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
ferred to as AOT, dissolved in toluene.
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
3.1.3 surfactant, n—in petroleum fuels, surface active ma-
terial (or surface active agent) that could disarm (deactivate)
filter separator (coalescing) elements so that free water is not
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
removed from the fuel in actual service.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.J0.05 on Fuel Cleanliness.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Technically, surfactants affect the inter-
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally
facial tension between water and fuel which affects the
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3948–08. DOI:
tendency of water to coalesce into droplets.
10.1520/D3948-11.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
www.astm.org. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3948 − 11
TABLE 1 Applicable Test Mode for Various
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D3948–08 Designation:D3948–11
Standard Test Method for
Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation
1
Turbine Fuels by Portable Separometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3948; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to
release entrained or emulsified water when passed through fiberglass coalescing material.
1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains two different modes of test equipment operation. The primary difference
between the modes of operation is the rate of fuel flow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test method selection is
dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1655 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
D2550 Method of Test for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels
D3602 Test Method for Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
3
2.2 Military Standards:
MIL-T-5624 Turbine Fuel, Aviation Grades JP-4, JP-5, and JP-5/JP-8 ST
MIL-T-38219 Turbine Fuel, Low Volatility, JP-7
MIL-T-83133 Turbine Fuel, Aviation, Kerosene Types, NATO F34 (JP-8), NATO F-35, and JP-8+100
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Micro-Separometer rating (MSEP)—a numerical value indicating the ease of separating emulsified water from fuel by
coalescence as affected by the presence of surface active materials (surfactants). Micro-Separometer rating (MSEP rating), n—in
the aviation fuel industry, a numerical value indicating the ease of separating emulsified water from aviation (jet) fuel by
coalescence as affected by the presence of surface active materials (also known as surface active agents or surfactants).
3.1.1.1 Discussion—MSEPratingsobtainedusingTestAandTestBaretermedMSEP-AandMSEP-B,respectively.TheMSEP
rating is comparable to theWater Separometer Index, Modified (WSIM) and the Minisonic Separometer Surfactants (MSS) ofTest
Method D2550 and fieldTest Method D3602, respectively. —MSEPratings obtained usingTestAandTest B are termed MSEP-A
and MSEP-B, respectively.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—The results of precision programs with the Micro-Separometer and its correlation with other rating
methods (Test Methods D2550 and D3602) are discussed inAppendix X3. —MSEP ratings are only valid within the range of 50
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.05
on Fuel Cleanliness.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3948–07.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3948–08. DOI:
10.1520/D3948-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. DOI: 10.1520/D3948-08.
3
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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