ASTM A1049/A1049M-10(2015)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for Pressure Vessels and Related Components
ABSTRACT
This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex) stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment. The steels shall be manufactured using melting and forging processes. Forgings may be machined before solution annealing. The forgings shall undergo tension and hardness tests. Also, they shall be subjected to a non-destructive examination by ultrasonic inspection.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex) stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment in grades that are also found in Specification A182/A182M.
1.2 The purchaser may specify in the order or contract any appropriate supplementary requirements that are provided in Specification A788/A788M.
1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
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Designation:A1049/A1049M −10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for
Pressure Vessels and Related Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1049/A1049M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic
Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels
1.1 This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex)
E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for
stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and asso-
General Industry
ciated equipment in grades that are also found in Specification
G48 Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resis-
A182/A182M.
tance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of
1.2 The purchaser may specify in the order or contract any
Ferric Chloride Solution
appropriate supplementary requirements that are provided in
2.2 Other Standards:
Specification A788/A788M.
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica-
NACE MR0175/ISO15156 Petroleum and Natural Gas
tion designation the material shall be furnished to the inch-
Industries—Materials for Use in H S—Containing Envi-
pound units.
ronments in Oil and Gas Production
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric)
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text
andtables,theSIunitsareshowninbrackets.Thevaluesstated
3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
lines additional ordering information, manufacturing
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures,
with the specification.
marking, certification, product analysis variations, and addi-
tional supplementary requirements.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
2.1 ASTM Standards:
with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves
3.1.2 The purchaser may require that the forging be ma-
and Parts for High-Temperature Service
chined to an approved heat treatment drawing indicating the
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
proposed configuration of the forging at the time of the
of Steel Products
specified solution heat treatment.
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel
3.1.3 The purchaser may approve the use of an alternate
Forgings
liquid quenching medium for cooling from the solution treat-
A745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Aus-
ment temperature.
tenitic Steel Forgings
3.2 The purchaser shall specify the acceptance criteria for
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
eitherMethodsBorCofTestMethodsA923,ifsupplementary
quirements
requirement S1 is selected.
3.3 The purchaser shall specify the required minimum
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) value determined
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
according to the applicable equation in Table 1.
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved March 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originally
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A1049/A1049M – 10.
DOI: 10.1520/A1049_A1049M-10R15.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Two Park
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://www.asme.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from NACE International, 15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, TX
the ASTM website. 77084, http://www.nace.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1049/A1049M−10 (2015)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A A A A B B B A A A
Grade F50 F51 F52 F53 F54 F55 F57 F59 F60 F61
A A A A B B B A A A
UNS No. S31200 S31803 S32950 S32750 S39274 S32760 S39277 S32520 S32205 S32550
Carbon, max 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.030 0.04
Manganese, max 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.50 2.00 1.50
Phosphorous, max 0.045 0.030 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.035 0.030 0.040
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.002 0.020 0.020 0.030
Silicon, max 1.00 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.80 1.00 0.80 0.80 1.00 1.00
Nickel 5.5-6.5 4.5-6.5 3.5-5.2 6.0-8.0 6.0-8.0 6.0-8.0 6.5-8.0 5.5-8.0 4.5-6.5 4.5-6.5
Chromium 24.0-26.0 21.0-23.0 26.0-29.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 22.0-23.0 24.0-27.0
Molybdenum 1.20-2.00 2.5-3.5 1.00-2.50 3.0-5.0 2.5-3.5 3.0-4.0 3.0-4.0 3.0-5.0 3.0-3.5 2.9-3.9
Nitrogen 0.14-0.20 0.08-0.20 0.15-0.35 0.240.32 0.24-0.32 0.20-0.30 0.23-0.33 0.20-0.35 0.14-0.20 0.10-0.25
Copper . . . . . . . . . 0.50 max 0.20-0.80 0.50-1.00 1.20-2.00 0.50-3.00 . . . 1.50-2.50
Tungsten . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50-2.50 0.50-1.00 0.80-1.20 . . . . . . . . .
A
PREN = Cr + 3.3(Mo) + 16(N)
B
PREN = Cr + 3.3(Mo + ⁄2 W) + 16(N)
NOTE 1—The required PREN value for both the tungsten bearing forging Grades with the superscript B and the non-tungsten bearing Grades with the
superscript A frequently lies between 33 and 40 depending on service experience, so that the Purchaser shall specify the required minimum PREN value
(see 3.3).
TABLE 2 Solution Heat Treatment
A
3.4 When Practice A745/A745M is the basis for ultrasonic
UNS Solution Temperature
Water Quench
Grade
to Below °F [°C]
Designation °F [°C]
examinationinaccordancewith7.1,thepurchasershallspecify
S31200 F 50 1925 [1050] min 200 [95]
whether Quality levels 1 or 2 form the basis for acceptance.
S31803 F 51 1870 [1020] min 200 [95]
Supplementary requirement S4 permits the purchaser to
S32950 F 52 1825-1875 [1000-1025] 200 [95]
specify Practice A388/A388M in lieu of Practice A745/
S32750 F 53 1880 [1025] min 200 [95]
S39274 F 54 1920-2060 [1050-1125] 200 [95]
A745M, in which case the purchaser must also specify the
S32760 F 55 2010-2085 [1100-1140] 200 [95]
acceptance criteria.
S39277 F 57 1940 [1060] min 200 [95]
S32520 F 59 1975-2050 [1080-1120] 200 [95]
3.5 When Supplementary requirement S3, for pitting corro-
S32205 F 60 1870 [1020] min 200 [95]
sion testing, of Test Methods G48 is specified, the purchaser
S32550 F 61 1920-2060 [1050-1125] 200 [95]
shall identify the method and test temperature to be used.
A
Water quenching is required unless the use of another liquid quenching medium
is approved by the purchaser (see 3.1.3).
3.6 When Supplementary requirement S5 for the liquid
penetrant examination of forgings in the final machined con-
figurationisspecified,thepurchasershallspecifythenecessary
5.2 A PREN value is included as a requirement in Table 1
acceptance criteria, if the requirements of S19 in Specification
depending on the specified Grade and this will further restrict
A788/A788M are not sufficient.
the chemical requirements.
4. Materials and Manufacture
5.3 The manufacturer shall use the product analysis provi-
sions of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a product analy-
4.1 Steel melting and forging shall be in accordance with
sis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat.
Specification A788/A788M.
5.4 Dual marking is permitted when the actual values of the
4.2 Heat Treatment:
listed elements match two or more of the Grades in Table 1;
4.2.1 Forgings may be machined before solution annealing
however, grade substitution such as combining a tungsten
at the manufacturer’s option, unless the purchaser requires that
bearing Grade with one that has no requirement for tungsten is
machining to a prescribed configuration be done before heat
not permitted.
treatment (see 3.2).
4.2.2 All forgings shall be reheated to the required tempera-
6. Mechanical Properties
ture for solution treatment followed, unless otherwise agreed
6.1 Requirements—The material shall conform to the re-
w
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A1049/A1049M − 10 A1049/A1049M − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Stainless Steel Forgings, Ferritic/Austenitic (Duplex), for
Pressure Vessels and Related Components
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1049/A1049M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This specification covers ferritic/austenitic (duplex) stainless steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, and associated
equipment in grades that are also found in Specification A182/A182M.
1.2 The purchaser may specify in the order or contract any appropriate supplementary requirements that are provided in
Specification A788/A788M.
1.3 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound
units.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI (metric) units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text and
tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the
specification.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A182/A182M Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts
for High-Temperature Service
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A388/A388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings
A745/A745M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
A923 Test Methods for Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels
E165E165/E165M Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
G48 Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of Ferric Chloride
Solution
2.2 Other Standards:
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
NACE MR0175/ISO15156 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries—Materials for Use in H S—Containing Environments in Oil
and Gas Production
3. Ordering Information and General Requirements
3.1 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which outlines
additional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certification,
product analysis variations, and additional supplementary requirements.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.06
on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010March 1, 2015. Published December 2010March 2015. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062010
as A1049/A1049M – 06.A1049/A1049M – 10. DOI: 10.1520/A1049_A1049M-10. 10.1520/A1049_A1049M-10R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME International Headquarters, Three Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990. 10016-5990,
http://www.asme.org.
Available from National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE), 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, TX 77084-4906.NACE International, 15835 Park Ten Place,
Houston, TX 77084, http://www.nace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1049/A1049M − 10 (2015)
3.1.1 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
requirements of this specification shall prevail.
3.1.2 The purchaser may require that the forging be machined to an approved heat treatment drawing indicating the proposed
configuration of the forging at the time of the specified solution heat treatment.
3.1.3 The purchaser may approve the use of an alternate liquid quenching medium for cooling from the solution treatment
temperature.
3.2 The purchaser shall specify the acceptance criteria for either Methods B or C of Test Methods A923, if supplementary
requirement S1 is selected.
3.3 The purchaser shall specify the required minimum pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) value determined according
to the applicable equation in Table 1.
3.4 When Practice A745/A745M is the basis for ultrasonic examination in accordance with 7.1, the purchaser shall specify
whether Quality levels 1 or 2 form the basis for acceptance. Supplementary requirement S4 permits the purchaser to specify
Practice A388/A388M in lieu of Practice A745/A745M, in which case the purchaser must also specify the acceptance criteria.
3.5 When Supplementary requirement S3, for pitting corrosion testing, of Test Methods G48 is specified, the purchaser shall
identify the method and test temperature to be used.
3.6 When Supplementary requirement S5 for the liquid penetrant examination of forgings in the final machined configuration
is specified, the purchaser shall specify the necessary acceptance criteria, if the requirements of S19 in Specification A788/A788M
are not sufficient.
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Steel melting and forging shall be in accordance with Specification A788/A788M.
4.2 Heat Treatment:
4.2.1 Forgings may be machined before solution annealing at the manufacturer’s option, unless the purchaser requires that
machining to a prescribed configuration be done before heat treatment (see 3.2).
4.2.2 All forgings shall be reheated to the required temperature for solution treatment followed, unless otherwise agreed with
the purchaser, by water quenching. With the purchaser’s consent (see 3.1.3) some other liquid quenching medium may be used to
rapidly cool the forging.
4.2.3 The solution treatment temperature is dependant on the ordered Grade or composition (UNS number) and shall be as listed
in Table 2.
4.2.4 The forgings shall be held at the specified solution treatment temperature for a minimum of 30 min per inch of maximum
heat-treated section thickness.
5. Chemical Requirements
5.1 The heat analysis taken in accordance with Specification A788/A788M shall comply with Table 1 for the ordered Grade.
5.2 A PREN value is included as a requirement in Table 1 depending on the specified Grade and this will further restrict the
chemical requirements.
5.3 The manufacturer shall use the product analysis provisions of Specification A788/A788M to obtain a product analysis from
a forging representing each heat or multiple heat.
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
A A A A B B B A A A
Grade F50 F51 F52 F53 F54 F55 F57 F59 F60 F61
A A A A B B B A A A
UNS No. S31200 S31803 S32950 S32750 S39274 S32760 S39277 S32520 S32205 S32550
Carbon, max 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.030 0.030 0.04
Manganese, max 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.20 1.00 1.00 0.80 1.50 2.00 1.50
Phosphorous, max 0.045 0.030 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.025 0.035 0.030 0.040
Sulfur, max 0.030 0.020 0.010 0.020 0.020 0.010 0.002 0.020 0.020 0.030
Silicon, max 1.00 1.00 0.60 0.80 0.80 1.00 0.80 0.80 1.00 1.00
Nickel 5.5-6.5 4.5-6.5 3.5-5.2 6.0-8.0 6.0-8.0 6.0-8.0 6.5-8.0 5.5-8.0 4.5-6.5 4.5-6.5
Chromium 24.0-26.0 21.0-23.0 26.0-29.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 24.0-26.0 22.0-23.0 24.0-27.0
Molybdenum 1.20-2.00 2.5-3.5 1.00-2.50 3.0-5.0 2.5-3.5 3.0-4.0 3.0-4.0 3.0-5.0 3.0-3.5 2.9-3.9
Nitrogen 0.14-0.20 0.08-0.20 0.15-0.35 0.240.32 0.24-0.32 0.20-0.30 0.23-0.33 0.20-0.35 0.14-0.20 0.10-0.25
Copper . . . . . . . . . 0.50 max 0.20-0.80 0.50-1.00 1.20-2.00 0.50-3.00 . . . 1.50-2.50
Tungsten . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.50-2.50 0.50-1.00 0.80-1.20 . . . . . . . . .
A
PREN = Cr + 3.3(Mo) + 16(N)
B
PREN = Cr + 3.3(Mo + ⁄2 W) + 16(N)
A1049/A1049M − 10 (2015)
NOTE 1—The required PREN value for both the tungsten bearing forging Grades with the superscript B and the non-tungsten bearing Grades with the
superscript A frequently lies between 33 and 40 depending on service experience, so that the Purchaser shall specify the required minimum PREN value
(see 3.3).
TABLE 2 Solution Heat Treatment
A
UNS Solution Temperature Water Quench
Grade
to Below °F [°C]
Designation °F [°C]
S31200 F 50 1925 [1050] min 200 [95]
S31803 F 51 1870 [1020] min 200 [95]
S32950 F 52 1825-1875 [1000-1
...
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