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ASTM D2699-04e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex A1, A2.3.9, A2.4.8, A3.2.7.2(7), A4.2.3.1, A4.2.3.3(6) and (9), A4.3.5, X2.3.7, X3.2.3.1, X3.3.4.1, X3.3.9.3, X3.3.11.4, and X3.5.1.8.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2004
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.01 - Combustion Characteristics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2699-04 - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D2699-04a - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1310-14(2021) - Standard Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of Liquids by Tag Open-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D2885-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Comparison Technique
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7577-12(2021) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Accelerated Iron Corrosion Rating of Denatured Fuel Ethanol and Ethanol Fuel Blends
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6227-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Containing a Non-hydrocarbon Component
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6593-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6617-21 - Standard Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using Single Test Result from Standard Material
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8340-22 - Standard Practice for Performance-Based Qualification of Spectroscopic Analyzer Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1094-07(2019) - Standard Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4814-23 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8321-22 - Standard Practice for Development and Validation of Multivariate Analyses for Use in Predicting Properties of Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants based on Spectroscopic Measurements
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7589-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignition Engine<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
01-May-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8226-21ae1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VIF Spark Ignition Engine<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
01-May-2004

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ASTM D2699-04e1 - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation: D 2699 – 04
Designation: 237/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2699; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Corrected titles of 11.3 and 11.4 and kPa conversion errors in TablesA6.4 and A6.5 editorially in October 2004.
1. Scope* bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex A1,
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative
A2.3.9, A2.4.8, A3.2.7.2(7), A4.2.3.1, A4.2.3.3(6) and (9),
determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition
A4.3.5, X2.3.7, X3.2.3.1, X3.3.4.1, X3.3.9.3, X3.3.11.4, and
engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., except that this test
X3.5.1.8.
methodmaynotbeapplicabletofuelandfuelcomponentsthat
2
are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested using a
2. Referenced Documents
standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable com-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
adefinedsetofoperatingconditions.TheO.N.scaleisdefined
D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid
bythevolumetriccompositionofPRFblends.Thesamplefuel
4
Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent
knockintensityiscomparedtothatofoneormorePRFblends.
D2268 Test Method forAnalysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
fuel establishes the Research O.N.
D2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography
number but this test method has a working range from 40 to
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for
Ignition Engine Fuel
spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N.
D2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number
range.Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream
of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Com-
materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the
parison Technique
Research O.N. range.
D3703 Test Method for Peroxide Number of Aviation
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units
Turbine Fuels
and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine
Petroleum Products
measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
oftheextensiveandexpensivetoolingthathasbeencreatedfor
Products, and Lubricants
this equipment.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D4814 SpecificationforAutomotiveSpark-IgnitionEngine
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Fuel
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
Volatility Measurements
E1 Specification for Liquid-in-GlassASTMThermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics.
3
Current edition approved May 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D2699–03a. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Motor O.N., determined usingTest Method D2700, is a companion method to Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
provide a similar but typically lower octane rating under more severe operating the ASTM website.
4
conditions. Withdrawn.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e1
D2699–04
E456 Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics for sample and reference fuels is determined using the falling
E542 Practice for Calibration of Laboratory Volumetric level technique th
...

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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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