ASTM D198-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
Standard Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The flexural properties established by this test method provide:
6.1.1 Data for use in development of grading rules and specifications;
6.1.2 Data for use in development of design values for structural members;
6.1.3 Data on the influence of imperfections on mechanical properties of structural members;
6.1.4 Data on strength properties of different species or grades in various structural sizes;
6.1.5 Data for use in checking existing equations or hypotheses relating to the structural behavior of beams;
6.1.6 Data on the effects of chemical or environmental conditions on mechanical properties;
6.1.7 Data on effects of fabrication variables such as depth, taper, notches, or type of end joint in laminations; and
6.1.8 Data on relationships between mechanical and physical properties.
6.2 Procedures are described here in sufficient detail to permit duplication in different laboratories so that comparisons of results from different sources will be valid. Where special circumstances require deviation from some details of these procedures, these deviations shall be carefully described in the report (see Section 11).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber and wood-based materials in structural sizes by various testing procedures.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
Sections
Flexure
4 – 11
Compression (Short Column)
13 – 20
Compression (Long Member)
21 – 28
Tension
29 – 36
Torsion
37 – 44
Shear Modulus
45 – 52
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing procedures are given in Appendix X1.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D198 − 14
StandardTest Methods of
1
Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Numerous evaluations of structural members of sawn lumber have been conducted in accordance
withTest Methods D198.While the importance of continued use of a satisfactory standard should not
beunderestimated,theoriginalstandard(1927)wasdesignedprimarilyforsawnlumbermaterial,such
asbridgestringersandjoists.Withtheadventofstructuralgluedlaminated(glulam)timbers,structural
composite lumber, prefabricated wood I-joists, and even reinforced and prestressed timbers, a
procedure adaptable to a wider variety of wood structural members was required and Test Methods
D198 has been continuously updated to reflect modern usage.
The present standard provides a means to evaluate the flexure, compression, tension, and torsion
strengthandstiffnessoflumberandwood-basedmaterialsinstructuralsizes.Aflexuraltesttoevaluate
the shear stiffness is also provided. In general, the goal of the D198 test methods is to provide a
reliable and repeatable means to conduct laboratory tests to evaluate the mechanical performance of
wood-basedmaterials.Whilemanyofthepropertiestestedusingthesemethodsmayalsobeevaluated
using the field procedures of Test Methods D4761, the more detailed D198 test methods are intended
to establish practices that permit correlation of results from different sources through the use of more
uniform procedures.The D198 test methods are intended for use in scientific studies, development of
designvalues,qualityassurance,orotherinvestigationswhereamoreaccuratetestmethodisdesired.
Provision is made for varying the procedure to account for special problems.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
wood-based materials in structural sizes by various testing
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
procedures.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
2. Referenced Documents
Sections
2
Flexure 4–11
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Compression (Short Column) 13–20
D9Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-
Compression (Long Member) 21–28
Tension 29–36
ucts
Torsion 37–44
D1165Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
Shear Modulus 45–52
woods
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing
D2395Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and
procedures are given in Appendix X1.
Wood-Based Materials
1.4 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
D2915Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical tural Wood and Wood-Based Products
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
D3737Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for
and are not considered standard. Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
D4442Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-
ment of Wood and Wood-Base Materials
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on
Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental
2
Test Methods and Properties. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D198–13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0198-14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D198 − 14
D4761Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumber criteriafortheintendedapplicationandwhichusuallyareused
and Wood-Base Structural Material in full length and in cross-sectional sizes greater than nominal
D7438Practice for Field Calibration and Application of 2 by 2 in. (38 by 38 mm).
Hand-Held Moisture Meters
FLEXURE
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6Terminology Relating to Methods of MechanicalTesting
4. Scope
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
someter Systems
4.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheflexural
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Pre
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D198 − 13 D198 − 14
Standard Test Methods of
1
Static Tests of Lumber in Structural Sizes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D198; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Numerous evaluations of structural members of solid sawn lumber have been conducted in
accordance with Test Methods D198 – 27.D198. While the importance of continued use of a
satisfactory standard should not be underestimated, the original standard (1927) was designed
primarily for sawn lumber material, such as solid wood bridge stringers and joists. With the advent of
structural glued laminated (glulam) timbers, wood-plywood composite members, structural composite
lumber, prefabricated wood I-joists, and even reinforced and prestressed timbers, a procedure
adaptable to a wider variety of wood structural members is required.was required and Test Methods
D198 has been continuously updated to reflect modern usage.
The present standard expands the original standard to permit its application provides a means to
evaluate the flexure, compression, tension, and torsion strength and stiffness of lumber and
wood-based materials in structural sizes. A flexural test to evaluate the shear stiffness is also provided.
In general, the goal of the D198to wood members of all types. It provides methods of evaluation under
loadings other than flexure in recognition of the increasing need for improved knowledge of properties
under such loadings as tension to reflect the increasing use of dimensions lumber test methods is to
provide a reliable and repeatable means to conduct laboratory tests to evaluate the mechanical
performance of wood-based materials. While many of the properties tested using these methods may
also be evaluated using the field procedures of Test Methods D4761in the lower chords of, the more
detailed D198 trusses. The standard establishes test methods are intended to establish practices that
will permit correlation of results from different sources through the use of more uniform procedures.
The D198a uniform procedure. test methods are intended for use in scientific studies, development of
design values, quality assurance, or other investigations where a more accurate test method is desired.
Provision is made for varying the procedure to take account offor special problems.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of lumber and wood-based materials in structural sizesizes by various testing
procedures.
1.2 The test methods appear in the following order:
Sections
Flexure 4 – 11
Compression (Short Column) 13 – 20
Compression (Long Member) 21 – 28
Tension 29 – 36
Torsion 37 – 44
Shear Modulus 45 – 52
1.3 Notations and symbols relating to the various testing procedures are given in Appendix X1.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental Test Methods
and Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013Feb. 1, 2014. Published October 2013May 2014. Originally approved in 1924. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as
D198 – 09.D198–13. DOI: 10.1520/D0198-13.10.1520/D0198-14.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D198 − 14
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Softwoods
D2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based Products
D3737 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties for Structural Glued Laminated Timber (Glulam)
D4442 Test Methods for Direct Mois
...
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