ASTM D6683-19
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Bulk Density Values of Powders and Other Bulk Solids as Function of Compressive Stress
Standard Test Method for Measuring Bulk Density Values of Powders and Other Bulk Solids as Function of Compressive Stress
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The data from this test can be used to estimate the bulk density of materials in bins and hoppers and for material handling applications such as feeders.
5.2 The test results can be greatly affected by the sample selected for testing. For meaningful results it is necessary to select a representative sample of the particulate solid with respect to moisture (water) content, particle-size distribution and temperature. For the tests an appropriate size sample should be available, and fresh material should be used for each individual test specimen.
5.3 Initial bulk density, (ρb)initial, may or may not be used as the minimum bulk density. This will depend on the material being tested. For example, the two are often close to the same for coarse (most particles larger than about 6 mm), free-flowing bulk solids, but not for fine, aeratable powders.
5.4 Bulk density values may be dependent upon the magnitude of the applied mass increments. Traditionally, the applied mass is doubled for each increment resulting in an applied mass increment ratio of 1. Smaller than standard increment ratios may be desirable for materials that are highly sensitive to the applied mass increment ratio. An example of the latter is a material whose bulk density increases 10% or more with each increase in applied mass.
5.5 Bulk density values may be dependent upon the duration of each applied mass. Traditionally, the duration is the same for each increment and equal to 15 s. For some materials, the rate of compression is such that complete compression (no change in volume with time at a given applied compressive stress) will require significantly more than 15 s.
Note 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedure for determining a range of bulk densities of powders and other bulk solids as a function of compressive stress.
1.2 This test method should be performed in the laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives, and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6683 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Bulk Density Values of Powders and Other Bulk
1
Solids as Function of Compressive Stress
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedure for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
determining a range of bulk densities of powders and other D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
bulk solids as a function of compressive stress. Fluids
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
1.2 This test method should be performed in the laboratory
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity.
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
Practice D6026.
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
1.3.1 Theproceduresusedtospecifyhowdataarecollected/
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the
Construction Materials Testing
industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-
Data
dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for
obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider- 3. Terminology
ations for the user’s objectives, and it is common practice to
3.1 Definitions—For common definitions of terms in this
increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be
standard, refer to Terminology D653.
commensuratewiththeseconsiderations.Itisbeyondthescope
3.2 Symbols:
of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis
2
3.2.1 A —inside cross-sectional area of density cup, m .
cup
methods for engineering design.
3.2.2 AM —calculated value of maximum applied mass,
max
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
kg.
as standard. No other units of measure are included in this
3.2.3 D —inside diameter of density cup, m.
standard.
cup
3.2.4 EH —maximum effective head to be applied to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
max
material in density cup, m.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.5 M —mass of material in density cup, kg.
mat’l
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
th
3.2.6 V —calculated volume of material in density cup at i
i
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3
consolidation step, m .
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.7 (ρ ) —approximate value of material’s bulk den-
b approx
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3
sity used in calculation of maximum applied mass, kg/m .
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
th
3.2.8 (ρ ) —calculated bulk density value at i consolida-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
b i
3
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical tion step, kg/m .
3
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.2.9 (ρ ) —calculated initial bulk density value, kg/m .
b initial
th
3.2.10 σ —calculated compressive stress at i consolidation
i
2
step, N/m .
1
Thistestmethodisunder the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeD18onSoiland
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterization
2
and Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D6683 – 14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D6683-19. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6683 − 19
3.2.11 σ —maximum compressive stress to be appli
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6683 − 14 D6683 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Bulk Density Values of Powders and Other Bulk
1
Solids as Function of Compressive Stress
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6683; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers an apparatus and procedure for determining a range of bulk densities of powders and other bulk
solids as a function of compressive stress.
1.2 This test method should be performed in the laboratory under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity.
1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice
D6026.
1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry
standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not
consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives,
and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations.
It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measure are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 maximum effective head, n—in powders, height of a column of material that has no shear stresses along its vertical walls.
Used in calculation of maximum applied mass, this value can be approximated, for example, by using the height of the cylindrical
section of the bin to be analyzed, m.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.24 on Characterization and
Handling of Powders and Bulk Solids.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014May 1, 2019. Published June 2014May 2019. Originally approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 20082014 as
D6683 – 08.D6683 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D6683-14.10.1520/D6683-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6683 − 19
3.2 Symbols:
2
3.2.1 A —inside cross-sectional area of density cup, m .
cup
3.2.2 AM —calculated value of maximum applied mass, kg.
max
3.2.3 D —inside diameter of density cup, m.
cup
3.2.4 EH —maximum effective head to be applied to material in density cup, m
...
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