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ASTM D3987-85(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water

Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for leaching of solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine the materials leached under the specified testing conditions.
1.2 This test method provides for the shaking of a known weight of waste with water of specified composition and the separation of the aqueous phase for analysis.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
20-Oct-1985
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.01.04 - Waste Leaching Techniques
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3987-85(1999) - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
Effective Date
21-Oct-1985
Replaced By
ASTM D3987-06 - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
Effective Date
01-Oct-2006
Referred By
ASTM D6954-18 - Standard Guide for Exposing and Testing Plastics that Degrade in the Environment by a Combination of Oxidation and Biodegradation
Effective Date
21-Oct-1985
Referred By
ASTM E1266-20 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
Effective Date
21-Oct-1985
Referred By
ASTM C1709-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Alternative Supplementary Cementitious Materials (ASCM) for Use in Concrete
Effective Date
21-Oct-1985
Referred By
ASTM E2277-14(2019) - Standard Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills
Effective Date
21-Oct-1985
Referred By
ASTM D4646-16 - Standard Test Method for 24-h Batch-Type Measurement of Contaminant Sorption by Soils and Sediments
Effective Date
21-Oct-1985
Referred By
ASTM E2278-13(2019) - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products (CCPs) for Surface Mine Reclamation: Revegetation and Mitigation of Acid Mine Drainage
Effective Date
21-Oct-1985
Referred By
ASTM D8082-18 - Standard Specification for Elemental Impurity Limits in Erosion Control Products used for Land Application
Effective Date
21-Oct-1985
Referred By
ASTM E2060-22 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
Effective Date
21-Oct-1985
Referred By
ASTM D6234-13(2020) - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Mining Waste by the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure
Effective Date
21-Oct-1985

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ASTM D3987-85(2004) - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with WaterASTM D3987-85(2004) - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
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ASTM D3987-85(2004) - Standard Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D3987–85 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
1
Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for leaching of 4.1 This test method is intended as a rapid means for
solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to obtaining an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to
determine the materials leached under the specified testing estimate the release of certain constituents of the solid waste
conditions. under the laboratory conditions described in this procedure.
1.2 This test method provides for the shaking of a known 4.2 This test method is not intended to provide an extract
weight of waste with water of specified composition and the that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a
separation of the aqueous phase for analysis. solid waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the sole basis of engineering design.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.3 This test method is not intended to simulate site-specific
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- leaching conditions. It has not been demonstrated to simulate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- actual disposal site leaching conditions.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.4 The intent of this test method is that the final pH of the
extract reflect the interaction of the extractant with the buffer-
2. Referenced Documents
ing capacity of the solid waste.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 4.5 Theintentofthistestmethodisthatthewaterextraction
C 471 Test Methods for ChemicalAnalysis of Gypsum and
simulate conditions where the solid waste is the dominant
Gypsum Products factor in determining the pH of the extract.
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
4.6 The test method produces an extract that is amenable to
D 420 Practice for Investigating and Sampling Soil and the determination of both major and minor constituents. When
Rock for Engineering Purposes
minor constituents are being determined, it is especially
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
important that precautions are taken in sample storage and
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water handling to avoid possible contamination of the samples.
D 2216 TestMethodforLaboratoryDeterminationofWater
4.7 This test method has been tested to determine its
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock applicability to certain inorganic components in the solid
D 2234 Test Methods for Collection of a Gross Sample of
waste. The test method has not been tested for applicability to
Coal organic substances and volatile matter (see 5.3).
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water
4.8 The agitation technique, rate, and liquid-to-solid ratio
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a specified in the procedure may not be suitable for extracting all
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process
types of solid wastes. (See Sections 7, 8, and the discussion in
Appendix X1.)
3. Terminology Definitions
5. Apparatus
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see
Terminology D 1129. 5.1 Agitation Equipment, of any type that rotates about a
central axis at a rate of 29 r/min, Fig. 1. (See discussion of
agitation in Appendix X1.)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
5.2 Membrane Filter Assembly—A borosilicate glass or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.04 on Waste
stainless steel funnel with a flat, fritted base of the same
Leaching Techniques.
Current edition approved Oct. 21, 1985. Published March 1986. Originally material and membrane filters.
published as D 3987 – 81. Last previous edition D 3987 – 81.
5.3 Containers, round, wide-mouth, of a composition suit-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
able to the nature of the solid waste and the analyses to be
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
performed, and constructed of materials that will not allow
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3987–85 (2004)
FIG. 1 Extractor
sorption of constituents of interest. One-gallon (or 4-L) con- all reagents sha
...

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Standard Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste with Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended as a rapid means for obtaining an extract of solid waste. The extract may be used to estimate the release of constituents of the solid waste under the laboratory conditions described in this procedure.  
4.2 This practice is not intended to provide an extract that is representative of the actual leachate produced from a solid waste in the field or to produce extracts to be used as the sole basis of engineering design.  
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4.7 The practice has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter.
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1.1 This practice covers a procedure for leaching of solid waste to obtain an aqueous solution to be used to determine the constituents leached under the specified testing conditions.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 A rapid and routine procedure for determining biomass of the living microorganisms in cultures, waters, wastewaters, and in plankton and periphyton samples taken from surface waters is frequently of vital importance. However, classical techniques such as direct microscope counts, turbidity, organic chemical analyses, cell tagging, and plate counts are expensive, time-consuming, or tend to underestimate total numbers. In addition, some of these methods do not distinguish between living and nonliving cells.  
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SCOPE
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5.1 NP and OP have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The source of NP and OP is prominently from the use of common commercial surfactants. The most widely used surfactant is nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPEO) which has an average ethoxylate chain length of nine. The ethoxylate chain is readily biodegraded to form NP1EO, NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and, under anaerobic conditions, NP. NP will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This method has been investigated and is applicable for environmental waters, including seawater.
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5.1 This test method has been developed by U.S. EPA Region 5 Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL).  
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5.3 This test method has been investigated for use with reagent, surface, and drinking water for the selected rodenticides.
SCOPE
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1.2.1 The DVL is required to be at a concentration at least 3 times below the Reporting Limit (RL) and have a signal/noise ratio greater than 3:1. Fig. 1 displays the signal/noise ratios of the primary single reaction monitoring (SRM) transitions, and Fig. 2 displays the confirmatory SRM transitions at the DVLs for the rodenticides.  
1.2.2 The reporting limit was calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard, as shown in Table 4, accounting for the dilution of a 40 mL water sample up to a final volume of 50 mL with methanol to ensure analyte solubility.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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