ASTM C865-13

Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is used to standardize the firing conditions of refractory concrete specimens prepared in accordance with Practice C862. The standards are set down to minimize laboratory-to-laboratory variation and do not attempt to duplicate any particular field applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the firing of specimens made from refractory concretes (castable refractories) in accordance with Practice C862 for cast specimens. The procedure is also recommended for heating rates to be used for high-temperature test methods such as Methods C16, C583, etc., when these methods are used to test refractory concretes.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2013
• ICS: 81.080 - Refractories
• Technical Committee: C08 - Refractories
• Drafting Committee: C08.09 - Monolithics

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C865-02(2007) - Standard Practice for Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C704/C704M-15(2022)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C401-12(2022) - Standard Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C903-15(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparing Refractory Specimens by Cold Gunning
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2013
• Referred By: ASTM C1113/C1113M-09(2019) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique)
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C865 − 13
Standard Practice for
1
Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C865; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This practice covers the firing of specimens made from 4.1 Kiln, equipped with instruments capable of controlling
refractory concretes (castable refractories) in accordance with the heating rate of the kiln at 100 to 700°F (55 to 380°C)/h (see
Practice C862 for cast specimens. The procedure is also 6.5) and holding the soak temperature to 610°F (5.5°C) of the
recommended for heating rates to be used for high-temperature nominal soak temperature. For temperatures up to 2500°F
test methods such as Methods C16, C583, etc., when these (1370°C) an electrically heated kiln is preferred, but gas- or
methods are used to test refractory concretes. oil-fired kilns can be used for all temperatures, provided the
heating rates specified can be maintained, the flame of the
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
burners does not impinge directly on any specimen, and the
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
furnace atmosphere contains a minimum of 0.5 % oxygen with
information only.
0 % combustibles.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Preparation of Samples
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Samples are prepared by casting in accordance with
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Methods C862. If the sample size of the cast specimen is the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
same as that specified for the test, it can be used directly.
However, cutting samples of the required size from larger cast
2. Referenced Documents
blocks will often be necessary (Note 1). In this case, it is
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
recommended that the samples be cut with a diamond saw.
C16 Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Shapes at
After cutting, the samples should be dried at 230°F (110°C) for
High Temperatures
a minimum of 18 h. All cut samples should have sharp edges
C583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory
and corners and should not show pull-out of grains on the cut
Materials at Elevated Temperatures
surfaces. For some low-strength castables, drying prior to
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens
cutting may be needed to increase their strength and resistance
by Casting
to pull-outs.
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
NOTE 1—Specimens cut from the interior of large cement bonded
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
castables shapes may be stronger than specimens cut from small cast
shapes because the interior of large cast shapes are exposed to high
3. Significance and Use
pressure steam during dryout which causes more complete hydration of
3.1 This practice is used to standardize the firing conditions
the cement.
of refractory concrete specimens prepared in accordance with
5.2 Some types of castables, especially those containing
Practice C862. The standards are set down to minimize
aggregates of a relatively low hardness (such as lightweight
laboratory-to-laboratory variation and do not attempt to dupli-
castables), may be cut on a dry saw. This procedure is
cate any particular field applications.
acceptable provided that specimens with sharp corners and
edges, which show no signs of grain pull-out at the cut
surfaces, are obtained.
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC08onRefractories
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originally 6. Procedure
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C865 – 02 (2007).
6.1 Label all specimens with ceramic ink or ceramic cray-
DOI: 10.1520/C0865-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or ons.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.2 Place the specimens in the kiln so that each specimen
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. will rest on the surface formed by its longest and smallest
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C865 − 13
1
surface of the specimen does not exceed
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C865 − 02 (Reapproved 2007) C865 − 13
Standard Practice for
1
Firing Refractory Concrete Specimens
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C865; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the firing of specimens made from refractory concretes (castable refractories) in accordance with
Practice C862 for cast specimens. The procedure is also recommended for heating rates to be used for high-temperature test
methods such as Methods C16, C583, etc., when these methods are used to test refractory concretes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C16 Test Method for Load Testing Refractory Shapes at High Temperatures
C20 Test Methods for Apparent Porosity, Water Absorption, Apparent Specific Gravity, and Bulk Density of Burned Refractory
Brick and Shapes by Boiling Water
C113 Test Method for Reheat Change of Refractory Brick
C133 Test Methods for Cold Crushing Strength and Modulus of Rupture of Refractories
C210 Test Method for Reheat Change of Insulating Firebrick
C288 Test Method for Disintegration of Refractories in an Atmosphere of Carbon Monoxide
C401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate Castable Refractories
C546 Method of Load Testing Refractory Brick at High Temperatures, Long Time (Withdrawn 1984)
C583 Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
C704 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Refractory Materials at Room Temperature
C832 Test Method of Measuring Thermal Expansion and Creep of Refractories Under Load
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
E220E230 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison TechniquesSpecification and Temperature-
Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice is used to standardize the firing conditions of refractory concrete specimens prepared in accordance with
Practice C862. The standards are set down to minimize laboratory-to-laboratory variation and do not attempt to duplicate any
particular field applications.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Kiln, equipped with instruments capable of controlling the heating rate of the kiln at 100 to 700°F (55 to 380°C)/h (see 6.5)
and holding the soak temperature to 610°F (5.5°C) of the nominal soak temperature. For temperatures up to 2500°F (1370°C) an
electrically heated kiln is preferred, but gas- or oil-fired kilns can be used for all temperatures, provided the heating rates specified
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007Sept. 1, 2013. Published November 2007October 2013. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20022007
as C865 – 02.C865 – 02 (2007). DOI: 10.1520/C0865-02R07.10.1520/C0865-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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C865 − 13
can be maintained, the flame of the burners does not impinge directly on any specimen, and the furnace atmosphere contains a
minimum of 0.5 % oxygen with 0 % combustibles.
1
4.2 Balances—For 9 by 4 ⁄2 by 2 or 3-in. (228 by 114 by 51 or 76-mm) samples, a balance with a capacity of 15 lb (6.8 kg)
and a sensitivity of 0.01 lb (4.5 g) is recommended; for smaller specimens (for example, 6 by 1 by 1-in. (152 by 25 by 25-mm)
bars), a 2-kg balance with a sensitivity of 0.1 g is reco
...