ASTM F3182-23

Standard Practice for the Application of Spray-Applied Polymeric Liners Inside Pipelines for Potable Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is for use by water utilities or other owners, contractors, specifiers, regulatory agencies, inspection organizations or other users who are involved in the rehabilitation of potable water pipelines and wish to specify or permit the use of spray-applied polymeric liners.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of potable water pipes using spray-applied polymeric coatings for pipelines constructed of iron, steel, or asbestos cement using resin materials that have been certified in accordance with NSF/ANSI 61 for the in-situ lining of potable water mains.  
1.2 This practice applies to potable water pipelines constructed of metallic or non-metallic piping in the diameter ranges of 4 in. (10 cm) to 36 in. (90 cm). Specialist advice should be sought from the product manufacturer for polymeric linings applied to other nonmetallic surfaces and for applied linings outside of these diametric limitations.  
1.3 This practice applies to in-situ pipes requiring AWWA Class I (nonstructural) linings through Class III (semi-structural) linings (see AWWA M28).  
1.4 This practice does not address lining system design. Assistance with lining system design is available from lining system manufacturers and operators who have been professionally trained and experienced in polymeric liner design.  
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 14-Feb-2023
• ICS: 91.140.60 - Water supply systems
• Technical Committee: F17 - Plastic Piping Systems
• Drafting Committee: F17.67 - Trenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D883-24 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM D883-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM F412-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2020
• Refers: ASTM D883-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2020
• Refers: ASTM D883-19c - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2019
• Refers: ASTM F412-19 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2019
• Refers: ASTM D883-18a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-18 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2018
• Refers: ASTM D1600-18 - Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics (Withdrawn 2024)
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM D883-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastics
• Effective Date: 15-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM F412-17a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2017
• Refers: ASTM F412-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2017
• Refers: ASTM F412-16a - Standard Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
• Effective Date: 15-Nov-2016

Overview

ASTM F3182-23 - Standard Practice for the Application of Spray-Applied Polymeric Liners Inside Pipelines for Potable Water provides comprehensive guidelines for rehabilitating potable water pipelines using spray-applied polymeric lining systems. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is essential for water utilities, contractors, regulatory agencies, and other stakeholders involved in maintaining the integrity and safety of drinking water distribution systems. The practice specifies application processes for pipelines constructed of iron, steel, or asbestos cement using certified resin materials, focusing on in-situ restoration to extend system life and maintain water quality.

Key Topics

• Scope of Application
  • Applicable to potable water pipelines ranging from 4 in. to 36 in. (10 cm to 90 cm) diameter.
  • Suitable for metallic (iron and steel) and certain non-metallic (asbestos cement) piping.
• Resin Material Certification
  • Only resin materials certified per NSF/ANSI 61 for contact with drinking water are permitted.
  • Third-party certification required for material health effects and compliance.
• Preparation and Application Procedures
  • Spray-applied liners must be installed by manufacturer-certified applicators.
  • Rigorous cleaning, surface preparation, and CCTV inspection required before application.
  • Surfaces cleaned to meet SSPC-SP 7/NACE NO. 4 or higher standards for pipe interior and terminations.
• Quality Control and Inspection
  • Minimum lining thickness: 0.04 in. (1 mm).
  • Post-lining inspections and tests such as coating thickness checks (ASTM D7091), adhesion tests (ASTM D4541, D6677, D3359), and immersion tests (AWWA C222).
  • Deficiencies such as uncured product or inadequate coverage must be addressed before return to service.
• Health & Safety
  • All practices must address applicable safety, health, and environmental considerations and comply with regulatory limitations.

Applications

• Pipeline Rehabilitation
  • Extends the service life of existing potable water mains without full pipe replacement.
  • Suitable for urban environments where open-cut replacement is impractical.
• Water Quality Preservation
  • Reduces risk of corrosion, leaks, and biofilm buildup, helping maintain potable water safety and compliance.
• Minimally Invasive Infrastructure Renewal
  • Enables trenchless technology solutions, minimizing surface disruption, traffic disturbance, and impact on local communities.
• Project Planning
  • Facilitates detailed project scoping-system analysis, environmental considerations, bypass arrangements, access, and stakeholder coordination.

Related Standards

• ASTM D7091 - Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings
• ASTM D4541 - Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings
• ASTM D6677 - Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife
• ASTM D3359 - Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
• NSF/ANSI 61 - Drinking Water System Components - Health Effects
• AWWA C651 - Disinfecting Water Mains
• AWWA C222 - Polyurethane Coatings for Water Pipe
• AWWA M28 - Rehabilitation of Water Mains
• SSPC-SP 6/NACE NO. 3 and SSPC-SP 7/NACE NO. 4 - Standards for blast cleaning and surface preparation

Practical Value

Implementing ASTM F3182-23 ensures potable water pipeline rehabilitation projects meet industry best practices for safety, reliability, and regulatory compliance. Using spray-applied polymeric liners restores pipeline integrity, minimizes public disruption, and delivers a cost-effective alternative to pipe replacement, with proven results for water utilities and municipalities involved in maintaining critical water infrastructure. This standard supports the sustainable management of water distribution assets and the protection of public health.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3182 − 23
Standard Practice for
the Application of Spray-Applied Polymeric Liners Inside
Pipelines for Potable Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3182; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabili-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tation of potable water pipes using spray-applied polymeric
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
coatings for pipelines constructed of iron, steel, or asbestos
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
cement using resin materials that have been certified in
tics
accordance with NSF/ANSI 61 for the in-situ lining of potable
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
water mains.
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using
1.2 This practice applies to potable water pipelines con- Portable Adhesion Testers
D6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife
structed of metallic or non-metallic piping in the diameter
ranges of 4 in. (10 cm) to 36 in. (90 cm). Specialist advice D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
should be sought from the product manufacturer for polymeric Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
linings applied to other nonmetallic surfaces and for applied Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
linings outside of these diametric limitations. ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
1.3 This practice applies to in-situ pipes requiring AWWA
Class I (nonstructural) linings through Class III (semi- 2.2 AWWA Documents:
structural) linings (see AWWA M28).
AWWA C651 Disinfecting Water Mains
AWWA M28 Rehabilitation of Water Mains
1.4 This practice does not address lining system design.
AWWA C222 Polyurethane coatings for the Interior and
Assistance with lining system design is available from lining
Exterior of Steel Water Pipe and Fittings
system manufacturers and operators who have been profession-
ally trained and experienced in polymeric liner design.
2.3 NSF Standards:
NSF/ANSI 61 Drinking Water System Components – Health
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
Effects
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
NSF/ANSI 14 Plastic Piping System Components and Re-
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
lated Materials
information only and are not considered standard.
NSF/ANSI 372 Drinking Water System Components – Lead
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Content
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5,6
2.4 Society of Protective Coating/NACE Standards:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
SSPC-SP 6 /NACE NO. 3 Commercial Blast Cleaning
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. SSPC-SP 7 /NACE NO. 4 Brush-off Blast Cleaning
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
the ASTM website.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy
Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
1 4
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on Arbor, MI 48105, http://www.nsf.org.
th
Trenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology. Available from The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24 Street, Sixth Floor,
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally Pittsburgh, PA 15222
approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F3182–16. DOI: Available from NACE International (NACE), 15835 Park Ten Pl., Houston, TX
10.1520/F3182–23 77084, http://www.nace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3182 − 23
3. Terminology 5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice is for use by water utilities or other
3.1 Definitions: Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
owners, contractors, specifiers, regulatory agencies, inspection
nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-
organizations or other users who are involved in the rehabili-
nology D883 and D1600, unless otherwise specified.
tation of potable water pipelines and wish to specify or permit
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the use of spray-applied polymeric liners.
3.2.1 accredited third party certification organizations,
6. Material Requirements
n—agencies accredited by an independent and authoritative
conformity assessment body (for example, International Labo-
6.1 The polymeric lining materials used for in-situ, spray-
ratory Accreditation Cooperation) to operate a material and
applied lining of water mains shall be evaluated, tested and
product testing, and listing (certification) system that is ac-
certified for conformance with NSF/ANSI 61 or the health
cepted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
effects portion of NSF/ANSI 14 and NSF/ANSI 372 by an
accredited third party certification organization when required
3.2.2 certified applicator—any individual or firm who is
by the regulatory authority having jurisdiction. These certifi-
certified by the manufacturer or his designated certifying
cation requirements relate to the effect of these materials on
representative to apply or supervise the application of the
water quality and do not indicate fitness for use or purpose in
manufacturer’s product or technology.
terms of physical performance.
3.2.3 metallic piping, n—a tubular shape made of metal,
6.2 It shall be the manufacturer’s responsibility to provide
intended to convey liquids or gases.
the owner or his designated representative with the physical
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Usually semi-rigid or rigid metal such
performance and test data for the supplied polymeric lining
as galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, black steel,
materials (see 8.5). It shall be the manufacturer’s further
stainless steel, copper, brass, cast iron, ductile iron or similar
responsibility to ensure that testing and certification for these
metal.
material and physical performance parameters is obtained
3.2.4 non-metallic piping, n—a tubular shape made of
using accredited third-party certification organizations’ testing
non-metallic materials, intended to convey liquids or gases.
laboratories. These testing reports and certifications shall be
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Non-metallic pipe materials include as-
made available to the owner’s representative upon request.
bestos cement, concrete, thermoplastics such as HDPE and
7. Lining Procedures
PVC, and composites such as fiberglass.
7.1 General—The lining materials shall be applied in accor-
3.2.5 non-structural lining, n—a lining bonded to the host
dance with the manufacturer’s recommendations using the
pipe internal diameter that can withstand abrasion and support
means and methods specified by the manufacturer. All lining
limited specified loads including vacuum loads, but relies on
applications shall be completed by manufacturer-approved,
the transfer of all other loads (internal and external) to the host
certified applicators, using manufacturer-approved, calibrated
pipe.
equipment and written procedures. All material applications
3.2.6 owner’s representative or designate—The designated
shall be pre-planned by a certified applicator in accordance
official who has the legal authority to act on behalf of the
with the manufacturer’s recommendations and subject to the
owner (for example, consultant).
quality control requirements of Section 9 of this practice.
7.1.1 All lining equipment used in the lining process shall
3.2.7 semi-structural lining, n—an interactive lining bonded
be sanitized for contact with potable water to the satisfaction of
to the host pipe internal diameter whose hoop strength may be
the contract provisions or owner. This includes cleaning
less than that required to support the maximum operating
equipment, spray rig including umbilical/tether, and CCTV
pressure (MOP) for the pressure pipe, but that can withstand
equipment contacting the water pipe. Controls shall be put in
abrasion and independently withstand vacuum, and pressure
place by the certified applicator to ensure that lining equipment
loads at holes or gaps.
does not bring contaminants into the pipe. The use of multiple
3.2.7.1 Discussion—All other internal and external loads are
application lining equipment for water pipe lining operations
sustained by the host pipe for the life of the liner.
shall only be permitted when pre-authorized by the owner, and
3.2.8 spray-in-place pipe, SIPP, n—spray-applied polymeric
only after full sanitary cleaning measures imposed by the
(thermoset) lining for the interior of pipes that consists of a
owner have been taken and proven.
two-component system designed to provide a non-structural or
7.2 Preparatory Planning—Comprehensive planning is re-
semi-structural enhancement to pipes used for potable water
quired before the commencement of polymeric lining opera-
conveyance.
tions. The following list of considerations is provided to the
user for guidance and is not exhaustive:
4. Summary of Practice
(1) Review and analysis of system architecture, surface and
4.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabili- subsurface information,
tation of potable water mains using spray-applied polymeric (2) zoning restrictions and regulations,
coatings for the inside of pipes. It includes material (3) safety and health concerns and requirements,
requirements, cleaning requirements, lining procedures, perfor- (4) access and egress considerations,
mance requirements (testing) and quality control provisions. (5) customer care planning,
F3182 − 23
(6) environmental concerns (weather, waste disposal), connections are often sites for dissimilar metal corrosion, and
(7) flow bypass requirements and arrangements, corrosion products must be fully removed around each service
(8) traffic control, to ensure a leak-tight lining seal/bond at the service connec-
(9) availability of water and provisions for alternative tions.
supplies,
7.6.2 Any cleaning and preparation method used shall clean
(10) discussions and meetings with other utilities, highway and prepare the pipe in order to meet the performance
authorities and fire services, disinfection regulations and
requirements of this section.
operations, 7.6.3 The cleaning method chosen shall achieve the removal
(11) permitted hours for lining operations, and
of all foreign material on the pipe wall and around service
(12) bylaws/regulations affecting lining operations. connections, including sediment, corrosion, biofilm and graph-
ite.
7.3 Flow Bypass System—Whenever the continuance water
7.6.4 Previously-applied coatings are typically removed
supply is required for customers connected to the pipelines
unless the residual coating is tightly-bonded, and the coating
being lined, the bypass shall be designed, installed and tested
manufacturer has specified that the particular residual material
to meet the requirements of the contract documents and local
can be over-coated.
health regulations. The bypass system shall receive the ap-
7.6.5 When viewed without magnification, the cleaned,
proval of the owner and local health officer prior to the
prepared surface shall be free of all visible contamination prior
commencement of lining operations. The bypass system shall
to coating.
be monitored and maintained for the full duration of lining
7.6.6 The pipeline shall also be dried and left free of visible
operations. The bypass system must remain in service until the
moisture (free standing water) in both the pipe and the pipe
lined main has been fully returned to service.
joints prior to lining.
7.4 Pipeline Access:
7.6.7 The cleaning technology chosen shall consider and
7.4.1 The main to be lined is isolated by closing all relevant
take precautions to minimize potential damage to service
supply valves and accessed at planned locations above ground
connections, appurtenances and the host pipe. All cleaning
or by localized removal of the surface pavement or concrete
residue and contamination shall be disposed of in accordance
where the main is buried below ground.
with the owner’s stipulations.
7.4.2 For buried mains, pits are then excavated, followed by
7.7 Pre-Lining Inspection:
the cutting and removal of a section of pipeline, and draining
it prior to cleaning. Access is preferably completed at a valve, 7.7.1 A closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspection of the
cleaned pipe must be carried out prior to lining to verify the
bend, fitting, or other location wherever an excavation is
needed for cleaning and lining operations. Piping components quality of pipe cleaning, level of surface preparation, and pipe
dryness, as well as the presence of unmapped fittings or bends,
such as air valves, flow meters, butterfly valves, and pressure
reducing valves (are generally) be removed prior to cleaning, deep (protruding) ferrules, excessive lead jointing material or
other flow restrictions, and to visually verify the integrity of the
and then replaced after lining.
7.4.3 Access pits are typically drained/dried for safety and pipeline (for example, cracks, gaps, holes) prior to lining
health (personnel and contamination) and are suitably covered operations. This recorded inspection will examine service
or barricaded when not in use. Care shall be taken by the connections and joints for evidence of leakage or damage.
applicator to erect proper barricades and signage around these
7.7.2 The inspection will ascertain the removal of piping
excavations to prevent accidents or injuries. components such as air valves, flow meters, butterfly valves,
gate and pressure reducing valves. Only service connections
7.5 Different producers, manufacturers and certified appli-
(ferrules) are to be lined in place, except for deep-protruding or
cators will have different capabilities and configurations for
faulty/damaged ferrules, which are to be replaced prior to
their lining equipment, which impacts the nature and frequency
lining.
of access required to accomplish the lining work. Users and
7.7.3 The inspection will also determine whether spot re-
owners are encouraged to check with the certified applicator in
pairs (patches, clamps, seals, new valves) are needed before
planning the access requirements for each project.
lining. Such decisions will also consider the gap and hole-
7.6 Pipeline Cleaning and Preparation:
spanning capabilities of the lining material as well as in-situ
7.6.1 The quality of cleaning and preparation is paramount
conditions (for example, surface and soil loads, groundwater,
if polymeric linings are to be applied successfully. The interior
and soil conditions).
of metallic piping system surfaces shall be cleaned to achieve
7.7.4 The applicator will provide a copy of the pre-lining
a clean metal surface conforming to the SSPC-SP 7/NACE
inspection video to the owner or the owner’s representative for
NO. 4 standard for the pipeline and the SSPC-SP 6/NACE NO.
review and approval prior to the commencement of lining
3 standard for service connections and terminations. Service
operations.
7.7.5 Any cleaning defects found s
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3182 − 16 F3182 − 23
Standard Practice for
the Application of Spray-Applied Polymeric Liners Inside
Pipelines for Potable Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3182; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of potable water pipes using spray-applied polymeric coatings for
pipelines constructed of iron, steel, or asbestos cement using resin materials that have been certified in accordance with NSF/ANSI
Standard 61 for the in-situ lining of potable water mains.
1.2 This practice applies to potable water pipelines constructed of metallic or asbestos cement non-metallic piping in the diameter
ranges of 4 in. (10 cm) to 36 in. (90 cm). Specialist advice should be sought from the product manufacturer for polymeric linings
applied to other nonmetallic surfaces and for applied linings outside of these diametric limitations.
1.3 This practice applies to in-situ pipes requiring AWWA Class I (nonstructural) linings through Class III (semi-structural) linings
(see AWWA M28).
1.4 This practice does not address lining system design. Assistance with lining system design is available from lining system
manufacturers and operators who have been professionally trained and experienced in polymeric liner design.
1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on Trenchless Plastic
Pipeline Technology.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016Feb. 15, 2023. Published June 2016March 2023. Originally approved in 2016. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as F3182–16.
DOI: 10.1520/F3182–1610.1520/F3182–23
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3182 − 23
D4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
D6677 Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals
and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
2.2 AWWA Documents:
AWWA C651 Disinfecting Water Mains
AWWA M28 Rehabilitation of Water Mains
AWWA C222 Polyurethane coatings for the Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipe and Fittings
2.3 NSF Standards:
NSF/ANSI 61 Drinking Water System Components – Health Effects
NSF/ANSI 14 Plastic Piping System Components and Related Materials
NSF/ANSI 372 Drinking Water System Components – Lead Content
5,6
2.4 Society of Protective Coating/NACE Standards:
SSPC-SP 6 /NACE NO. 3 Commercial Blast Cleaning
SSPC-SP 7 /NACE NO. 4 Brush-off Blast Cleaning
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Terminology D883
and D1600, unless otherwise specified.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 accredited third party certification organizations, n—agencies accredited by an independent and authoritative conformity
assessment body (for example, International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation) to operate a material and product testing, and
listing (certification) system that is accepted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
3.2.2 certified applicator—any individual or firm who is certified by the manufacturer or his designated certifying representative
to apply or supervise the application of the manufacturer’s product or technology.
3.2.3 metallic piping, n—a tubular shape made of metal, intended to convey liquids or gases.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
Usually semi-rigid or rigid metal such as galvanized steel, galvanized wrought iron, black steel, stainless steel, copper, brass, cast
iron, ductile iron or similar metal.
3.2.4 non-metallic piping, n—a tubular shape made of non-metallic materials, intended to convey liquids or gases.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—
Non-metallic pipe materials include asbestos cement, concrete, thermoplastics such as HDPE and PVC, and composites such as
fiberglass.
3.2.5 non-structural lining, n—a lining bonded to the host pipe internal diameter that can withstand abrasion and support limited
specified loads including vacuum loads, but relies on the transfer of all other loads (internal and external) to the host pipe.
3.2.6 owner’s representative or designate—The designated official who has the legal authority to act on behalf of the owner (for
example, consultant).
3.2.7 semi-structural lining, n—an interactive lining bonded to the host pipe internal diameter whose hoop strength may be less
than that required to support the maximum operating pressure (MOP) for the pressure pipe, but that can withstand abrasion and
independently withstand vacuum, and pressure loads at holes or gaps.
3.2.7.1 Discussion—
All other internal and external loads are sustained by the host pipe for the life of the liner.
Available from American Water Works Association (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http://www.awwa.org.
Available from NSF International, P.O. Box 130140, 789 N. Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, http://www.nsf.org.
th
Available from The Society for Protective Coatings, 40 24 Street, Sixth Floor, Pittsburgh, PA 15222
Available from NACE International (NACE), 15835 Park Ten Pl., Houston, TX 77084, http://www.nace.org.
F3182 − 23
3.2.8 spray-in-place pipe, SIPP, n—spray-applied polymeric (thermoset) lining for the interior of pipes that consists of a
two-component system designed to provide a non-structural or semi-structural enhancement to pipes used for potable water
conveyance.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of potable water mains using spray-applied polymeric coatings for
the inside of pipes. It includes material requirements, cleaning requirements, lining procedures, performance requirements (testing)
and quality control provisions.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice is for use by water utilities or other owners, contractors, specifiers, regulatory agencies, inspection organizations
or other users who are involved in the rehabilitation of potable water pipelines and wish to specify or permit the use of
spray-applied polymeric liners.
6. Material Requirements
6.1 The polymeric lining materials used for in-situ, spray-applied lining of water mains shall be evaluated, tested and certified for
conformance with NSF/ANSI 61 or the health effects portion of NSF/ANSI 14 and NSF/ANSI 372 by an accredited third party
certification organization when required by the regulatory authority having jurisdiction. These certification requirements relate to
the effect of these materials on water quality and do not indicate fitness for use or purpose in terms of physical performance.
6.2 It shall be the manufacturer’s responsibility to provide the owner or his designated representative with the physical
performance and test data for the supplied polymeric lining materials (see 8.5). It shall be the manufacturer’s further responsibility
to ensure that testing and certification for these material and physical performance parameters is obtained using accredited
third-party certification organizations’ testing laboratories. These testing reports and certifications shall be made available to the
owner’s representative upon request.
7. Lining Procedures
7.1 General—The lining materials shall be applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations using the means and
methods specified by the manufacturer. All lining applications shall be completed by manufacturer-approved, certified applicators,
using manufacturer-approved, calibrated equipment and written procedures. All material applications shall be pre-planned by a
certified applicator in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and subject to the quality control requirements of
Section 9 of this practice.
7.1.1 All lining equipment used in the lining process shall be sanitized for contact with potable water to the satisfaction of the
contract provisions or owner. This includes cleaning equipment, spray rig including umbilical/tether, and CCTV equipment
contacting the water pipe. Controls shall be put in place by the certified applicator to ensure that lining equipment does not bring
contaminants into the pipe. The use of multiple application lining equipment for water pipe lining operations shall only be
permitted when pre-authorized by the owner, and only after full sanitary cleaning measures imposed by the owner have been taken
and proven.
7.2 Preparatory Planning—Comprehensive planning is required before the commencement of polymeric lining operations. The
following list of considerations is provided to the user for guidance and is not exhaustive:
(1) Review and analysis of system architecture, surface and subsurface information,
(2) zoning restrictions and regulations,
(3) safety and health concerns and requirements,
(4) access and egress considerations,
(5) customer care planning,
(6) environmental concerns (weather, waste disposal),
(7) flow bypass requirements and arrangements,
(8) traffic control,
(9) availability of water and provisions for alternative supplies,
(10) discussions and meetings with other utilities, highway authorities and fire services, disinfection regulations and operations,
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(11) permitted hours for lining operations, and
(12) bylaws/regulations affecting lining operations.
7.3 Flow Bypass System—Whenever the continuance water supply is required for customers connected to the pipelines being
lined, the bypass shall be designed, installed and tested to meet the requirements of the contract documents and local health
regulations. The bypass system shall receive the approval of the owner and local health officer prior to the commencement of lining
operations. The bypass system shall be monitored and maintained for the full duration of lining operations. The bypass system must
remain in service until the lined main has been fully returned to service.
7.4 Pipeline Access:
7.4.1 The main to be lined is isolated by closing all relevant supply valves and accessed at planned locations above ground or by
localized removal of the surface pavement or concrete where the main is buried below ground.
7.4.2 For buried mains, pits are then excavated, followed by the cutting and removal of a section of pipeline, and draining it prior
to cleaning. Access is preferably completed at a valve, bend, fitting, or other location wherever an excavation is needed for cleaning
and lining operations. Piping components such as air valves, flow meters, butterfly valves, and pressure reducing valves (are
generally) be removed prior to cleaning, and then replaced after lining.
7.4.3 Access pits are typically drained/dried for safety and health (personnel and contamination) and are suitably covered or
barricaded when not in use. Care shall be taken by the applicator to erect proper barricades and signage around these excavations
to prevent accidents or injuries.
7.5 Different producers, manufacturers and certified applicators will have different capabilities and configurations for their lining
equipment, which impacts the nature and frequency of access required to accomplish the lining work. Users and owners are
encouraged to check with the certified applicator in planning the access requirements for each project.
7.6 Pipeline Cleaning and Preparation:
7.6.1 The quality of cleaning and preparation is paramount if polymeric linings are to be applied successfully. The interior of
metallic piping system surfaces shall be cleaned to achieve a clean metal surface conforming to the SSPC-SP 7/NACE NO. 4
standard for the pipeline and the SSPC-SP 6/NACE NO. 3 standard for service connections and terminations. Service connections
are often sites for dissimilar metal corrosion, and corrosion products must be fully removed around each service to ensure a
leak-tight lining seal/bond at the service connections.
7.6.2 Any cleaning and preparation method used shall clean and prepare the pipe in order to meet the performance requirements
of this section.
7.6.3 The cleaning method chosen shall achieve the removal of all foreign material on the pipe wall and around service
connections, including sediment, corrosion, biofilm and graphite.
7.6.4 Previously-applied coatings are typically removed unless the residual coating is tightly-bonded, and the coating
manufacturer has specified that the particular residual material can be over-coated.
7.6.5 When viewed without magnification, the cleaned, prepared surface shall be free of all visible contamination prior to coating.
7.6.6 The pipeline shall also be dried and left free of visible moisture (free standing water) in both the pipe and the pipe joints
prior to lining.
7.6.7 The cleaning technology chosen shall consider and take precautions to minimize potential damage to service connections,
appurtenances and the host pipe. All cleaning residue and contamination shall be disposed of in accordance with the owner’s
stipulations.
Conformance with SSPC/NACE standards apply for metal surface preparation only. A SSPC/NACE certified inspector is required only when specified by contract.
Asbestos cement (AC) pipe shall require the removal of all loose deposits, loose fibers and debris, biofilm, and sediments, followed by complete surface drying prior to
coating.
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7.7 Pre-Lining Inspection:
7.7.1 A closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspection of the cleaned pipe must be carried out prior to lining to verify the quality
of pipe cleaning, level of surface preparation, and pipe dryness, as well as the presence of unmapped fittings or bends, deep
(protruding) ferrules, excessive lead jointing material or other flow restrictions, and to visually verify the integrity of the pipeline
(for example, cracks, gaps, holes) prior to lining operations. This recorded inspection will examine service connections and joints
for evidence of leakage or damage.
7.7.2 The inspection will ascertain the removal of piping components such as air valves, flow meters, butterfly valves, gate and
pressure reducing valves. Only service connections (ferrules) are to be lined in place, except for deep-protruding or faulty/damaged
ferrules, which are to be replaced prior to lining.
7.7.3 The inspection will also determine whether spot repairs (patches, clamps,
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