ASTM D434-95
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam (Withdrawn 2004)
Standard Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam (Withdrawn 2004)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to slippage of filling yarns over warp yarns, or warp yarns over filling yarns, using a standard seam.
1.2 This test method is not intended for upholstery fabrics.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the resistance to slippage of filling yarns over warp yarns, or warp yarns over filling yarns, using a standard seam.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test methd was withdrawn in December 2003.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:D434–95
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in Woven Fabrics Using a
Standard Seam
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3.2 Fordefinitionsofothertextiletermsusedinthismethod,
refer to Terminology D 123.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resis-
tance to slippage of filling yarns over warp yarns, or warp
4. Summary of Test Method
yarns over filling yarns, using a standard seam.
4.1 The load-elongation curve of the fabric is superimposed
1.2 The test method is not intended for upholstery fabrics.
over a load-elongation curve of the same fabric with a standard
2. Referenced Documents seamsewnparalleltotheyarnsbeingtested.Resistancetoyarn
slippage is reported as the load at which a slippage of a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specified size is seen.
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Tex-
tiles
5. Significance and Use
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.1 This method is considered satisfactory for acceptance
D 1682 Test Methods for Breaking Load and Elongation of
testing because the method has been used extensively in the
Textile Fabrics
2 trade for acceptance testing. In case of disagreement arising
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the
D 1905 Test Method for Dimensional Changes in Launder-
3 seller when using this test method for acceptance testing, the
ing of Woven or Knitted Textiles
statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser
D 2721 Test Method for Effects of Drycleaning on Perma-
2 and the laboratory of the seller should be determined with each
nence of Durable Water-Repellent Finish
comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn
2.2 Federal Standard:
4 from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
751a Stitch Seam and Stitching
5.2 This test method is used as an indication of the tendency
3. Terminology of yarns to slip at a seam. Such slippage results in garment
failure at a seam, which is not readily repairable by reseaming.
3.1 Definitions:
5.3 The force at which the load-elongation curve of the
3.1.1 resistance to yarn slippage n.—the force required to
fabric with the seam is a predetermined distance greater than
separate the parts of a standard seam assembly by a specified
the load-elongation curve of the fabric without a seam is
amount.
reported as the pounds-force per inch (newtons per metre)
resistance to yarn slippage. Generally, a ⁄4-in. (6.4-mm)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on separation is used, but for some fabrics a smaller opening is
Textiles, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test
preferred. If desired, the force to affect complete separation
Methods, General.
may be obtained by continuing the load-elongation curve until
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published August 1995. Originally
complete separation is obtained. A 1-lbf (4.45-N) compensa-
published as D 434 – 36 T. Last previous edition D 434 – 75.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vols 07.01.
tion is deducted to allow for elongation of the seam.
Discontinued—See 1977 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 32.
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D434–95
5.4 Currently interlaboratory tests are being made to deter- mately 36 tex polyester cotton core thread, 14 6 ⁄2 stitches to
mine accuracy and precision. This method can also be used to the inch (570 per metre) and a plain lockstitch.
evaluate the correlation between the CRE and CRI testing
NOTE 4—The plain lockstitch shall conform to Type No. 301 of the
machines.
Federal Standard for Stitches; Seams; and Stitching (Standard No. 751a)
of the General ServicesAdministration.This type of stitch shall be formed
6. Apparatus
of two threads. A loop of one thread shall be entered by the mass supply
of the other thread.The loop of the first thread then shall be drawn into the
6.1 Tensile Testing Machine (CRT) (Preferred)—CRT (pen-
material to the extent that the concatenation is approximately halfway
dulum) type with an autographic recorder conforming to the
between the two surfaces of the material. These operations are repeated to
requirements of MethodD76. The machine shall be equipped
form a sequence of stitches.
with clamps having frontjaws 1 in. (25 mm) in width and
8.3 Be careful to make the stitches under uniform tension
backjaws 2 in. (50 mm) or more in width, except as otherwise
and to sew the seam parallel to the warp yarns. Movement of
provided. The clamps shall be set in 3 in. (8.0 mm) apart.
the thread should not be restricted by knotting or backstitching
Thespeed of the lower clamp shall be 12 6 ⁄2 in. (300 6 10
at the end of the seam. After seaming, cut the fold open.
mm)/min.
NOTE 5—If the fabric being tested is not suitable for the seam assembly
NOTE 1—In comparing results with those from another laboratory, both
as described in 8.2, a suitable substitute seam assembly may be used. No
laboratories should use the same type of tensile testing machine, or have
statement of precision applies in this instance.
established the relationship between test results obtained using a CRT
machine and those obtained using a CRE machine when testing fabrics of
8.4 Draw a line 1.5 in. (38 mm) from the edge parallel to the
the type being evaluated.
longdirectiontoaidinplacementofthespecimeninthetesting
6.2 Tensile Testing Machine (CRE)—A constant-rate-of-
machine.
extension type machine equivalent to the CRT machine speci-
9. Conditioning
fied in 6.1.
6.3 Dividers, one pair.
9.1 Condition all specimens being tested, except those for
6.4 Metal Rule, graduated in ⁄32-in. or 1-mm subdivisions.
preliminary tests, as directed in Practice D 1776.
6.5 Metal Clamp, auxiliary, 6-oz (170 g), at least 4 in. (102
mm) in width. 10. Procedure
10.1 Elongation of Seamed Fabric:
7. Number of Specimens
10.1.1 Place the end of the specimen closest to the seam
7.1 Forpreliminarytesting,twospecimensarerequired,one
squarely in the upper clamps, being careful that the drawn line
with the long dimension parallel to the warp and one with the
is next to the edge of the front jaw and that the seam is midway
long dimension parallel to the filling. Preliminary tests are not
between the upper and lower clamps. Place the specimen in the
necessary if the direction with the lower resistance to yarn
lower clamp and attach the auxiliary clamp to obtain tension of
slippage is known.
the specimen.
7.2 For final testing, five specimens in the direction of the
NOTE 6—To achieve uniform and equal tension it has been found
...
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