ASTM D5434-09
(Guide)Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
Standard Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The preparation of field logs provides documentation of field exploration procedures and findings for geotechnical, geologic, hydrogeologic, and other investigations of subsurface site conditions. This guide may be used for a broad range of investigations.
The recorded information in a field log will depend on the specific purpose of the site investigation. All of the information given in this guide need not appear in all field logs.
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective sampling. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the type of information that should be recorded during field subsurface explorations in soil and rock.
1.2 This guide is not intended to specify all of the information required for preparing field logs. Such requirements will vary depending on the purpose of the investigation, the intended use of the field log, and particular needs of the client or user.
1.3 This guide is applicable to boreholes, auger holes, excavated pits, or other subsurface exposures such as road side cuts or stream banks. This guide may serve as a supplement to Guide D420.
1.4 This guide may not be suited to all types of subsurface exploration such as mining, agricultural, geologic hazardous waste, or other special types of exploration.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care of which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation:D5434–09
Standard Guide for
1
Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide describes the type of information that should 2.1 ASTM Standards:
be recorded during field subsurface explorations in soil and D420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering De-
rock. sign and Construction Purposes
1.2 This guide is not intended to specify all of the informa- D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
tion required for preparing field logs. Such requirements will Fluids
vary depending on the purpose of the investigation, the D1452 PracticeforSoilExplorationandSamplingbyAuger
intended use of the field log, and particular needs of the client Borings
or user. D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-
1.3 This guide is applicable to boreholes, auger holes, Barrel Sampling of Soils
excavated pits, or other subsurface exposures such as road side D1587 Practice forThin-WalledTube Sampling of Soils for
cuts or stream banks. This guide may serve as a supplement to Geotechnical Purposes
Guide D420. D2113 Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of
1.4 This guide may not be suited to all types of subsurface Rock for Site Investigation
exploration such as mining, agricultural, geologic hazardous D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
waste, or other special types of exploration. (Visual-Manual Procedure)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the D2573 Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Soil
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D3441 Test Method for Mechanical Cone Penetration Tests
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- of Soil
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. D3550 Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel,
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information Drive Sampling of Soils
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
course of action. This document cannot replace education or Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional Used in Engineering Design and Construction
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all D4083 Practice for Description of Frozen Soils (Visual-
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre- Manual Procedure)
sent or replace the standard of care of which the adequacy of D4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this Samples
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many D4403 Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this D4544 Practice for Estimating Peat Deposit Thickness
document means only that the document has been approved D4623 Test Method for Determination of In Situ Stress in
through the ASTM consensus process. Rock Mass by Overcoring Method—USBM Borehole
Deformation Gauge
D4633 Test Method for Energy Measurement for Dynamic
Penetrometers
D4645 Test Method for Determination of In-Situ Stress in
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock
2
andisthedirectresponsibilityofD18.07onIdentificationandClassificationofSoils. For referenced ASTM standard, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published May 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5434 – 03. DOI: Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page of
10.1520/D5434-09. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5434–09
Rock Using Hydraulic Fracturing Method 6.1.1.3 Names and addresses of organizations involved,
D4719 Test Methods for Prebored Pressuremeter Testing in 6.1.1.4 Name of person(s) preparing log,
Soils 6.1.1.5 Referencedatumforprojectifavailableanddescrip-
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid tion of datum, and
Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation 6.1.1.6 General remarks as
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 5434–03 Designation: D 5434 – 09
Standard Guide for
1
Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and Rock
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5434; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This guide describes the type of information that should be recorded during field subsurface explorations in soil and rock.
1.2 This guide is not intended to specify all of the information required for preparing field logs. Such requirements will vary
depending on the purpose of the investigation, the intended use of the field log, and particular needs of the client or user.
1.3 This guide is applicable to boreholes, auger holes, excavated pits, or other subsurface exposures such as road side cuts or
stream banks. This guide may serve as a supplement to Guide D 420.
1.4 This guide may not be suited to all types of subsurface exploration such as mining, agricultural, geologic hazardous waste,
or other special types of exploration.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course
of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.
Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace
the standard of care of which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied
without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering, Design, and Construction Purposes
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D 1452 Practice for Soil InvestigationExploration and Sampling by Auger Borings
D 1586 Test Method for Penetration Test (SPT) and Split-Barrel Sampling of Soils
D 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Geotechnical Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes
D2113 Practice for Diamond Core Drilling for Site Investigation Practice for Rock Core Drilling and Sampling of Rock for
Site Investigation
D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
D 2573 Test Method for Field Vane Shear Test in Cohesive Soil
D 3441 Test Method for Deep, Quasi-Static, Cone and Friction/Cone Penetration Tests of Soil Test Method for Mechanical
Cone Penetration Tests of Soil
D 3550 Practice for Ring-Lined Barrel Sampling of Soils Practice for Thick Wall, Ring-Lined, Split Barrel, Drive Sampling of
Soils
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements forAgencies Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used
in Engineering Design and Construction
D 4083 Practice for Description of Frozen Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure)
D 4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples
D 4403 Practice for Extensometers Used in Rock
D 4544 Practice for Estimating Peat Deposit Thickness D4622Test Method for Rock Mass Monitoring Using Inclinometers
D 4623 Test Method for Determination of In Situ Stress in Rock Mass by Overcoring Method—USBM Borehole Deformation
Gauge
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of D18.07 onIdentification and Classification of Soils.
Current edition approved Nov.May 1, 2003.2009. Published December 2003.May 2009. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as
D5434–97(2003).D 5434 – 03.
2
For referenced ASTM standard, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page of the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc
...
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