ASTM D2229-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords and Rubber
Standard Test Method for Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords and Rubber
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of steel tire cord because current estimates of between-laboratory precision for single materials are considered acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
If there are differences or practical significances between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogenous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
The mold described in this test method is primarily designed for quality acceptance testing for steel cord where the sample size for each cord is 4 or a multiple thereof, but any mold/cavity combination which will provide the required test block dimensions (Figs. 1 and 2) is acceptable.
Appendix X1 contains suggested ranges of environmental conditions for aging tests.
The property measured by this test method indicates whether the adhesion of the steel cord to the rubber is greater than the cohesion of the rubber, that is, complete rubber coverage of the steel cord, or less than the cohesion of the rubber, that is, lack of rubber coverage.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to pull a steel cord from a block of vulcanized rubber.
1.2 Although designed primarily for steel cord, this test method may be applied with modifications to wire used in rubber products.
1.3 This test method can also be used for evaluating rubber compound performance with respect to adhesion to steel cord.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D2229 −10
StandardTest Method for
1
Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords and Rubber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2229; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force
3.1 Definitions
required to pull a steel cord from a block of vulcanized rubber.
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsrelatingtotirecord,beadwire,
hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
1.2 Although designed primarily for steel cord, this test
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
method may be applied with modifications to wire used in
rubber products. adhesion, rubber compound, and steel cord.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms relating to rubber, refer to
1.3 This test method can also be used for evaluating rubber
Terminology D1566.
compound performance with respect to adhesion to steel cord.
3.1.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
to Terminology D123.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Thesteelcordsarevulcanizedintoablockofrubberand
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the force necessary to pull the cords linearly out of the rubber
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is measured.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for the
2
acceptance testing of commercial shipments of steel tire cord
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles because current estimates of between-laboratory precision for
single materials are considered acceptable and the method has
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
D1566Terminology Relating to Rubber
D2904Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test 5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significances be-
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data (With-
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
3
drawn 2008) comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
D6477TerminologyRelatingtoTireCord,BeadWire,Hose a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics assistance.Asaminimum,thetestsamplesshouldbeusedthat
E105Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials are as homogenous as possible, that are drawn from the
E122PracticeforCalculatingSampleSizetoEstimate,With material from which the disparate test results were obtained,
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
Lot or Process laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test
values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the
two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Industrial Fibers and
series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and
Metallic Reinforcements.
corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consider-
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published January 2010. Originally
ε1
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2229–04 . DOI:
ation of the known bias.
10.1520/D2229-10.
2
5.2 The mold described in this test method is primarily
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
designedforqualityacceptancetestingforsteelcordwherethe
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
sample size for each cord is 4 or a multiple thereof, but any
the ASTM website.
3
mold/cavity combination which will provide the required test
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. block dimensions (Figs. 1 and 2) is acceptable.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2229−10
FIG. 1 Definition of Test Block Dimensions
5.3 AppendixX1containssuggestedrangesofenvironmen- 6.3.3 Thebot
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D2229–04 Designation: D2229 – 10
Standard Test Method for
1
Adhesion Between Steel Tire Cords and Rubber
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2229; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—The reference to Table 2 was changed to Table 1 in Section 13.3 in March 2007.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the force required to pull a steel cord from a block of vulcanized rubber.
1.2 Although designed primarily for steel cord, this test method may be applied with modifications to wire used in rubber
products.
1.3 This test method can also be used for evaluating rubber compound performance with respect to adhesion to steel cord.
1.4 ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire, Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling Of Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, theAverage for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord, bead wire, hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: adhesion, rubber compound, and steel cord.
3.1.2 For definitions of terms relating to rubber, refer to Terminology D1566.
3.1.3 For definitions of other terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The steel cords are vulcanized into a block of rubber and the force necessary to pull the cords linearly out of the rubber is
measured.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of steel tire cord because
current estimates of between-laboratory precision for single materials are considered acceptable and the method has been used
extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.1.1 If there are differences or practical significances between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative
tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord and Fabrics.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally published as D2229–63T. Last previous edition D2229–02. DOI: 10.1520/D2229-04E01.
´1
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published January 2010. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2229–04 . DOI:
10.1520/D2229-04E01.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D2229 – 10
TABLE 1 Critical Differences for Conditions Noted, 95 %
Probability Level
Single Within- Between-
Number of
Name of Property Operator Laboratory Laboratory
Observations
Precision Precision Precision
Pull-out force, N (Single-Material Comparisons)
449 52 85
834 39 77
16 24 31 74
(Multi-Material Comparisons)
4 49 52 120
834 39 115
16 24 31 112
Rubber coverage, % (Single-Material Comparisons)
47 7 19
85 5 18
16 4 4 18
(Multi-Material Comparisons)
411 11 28
810 10 28
16 9 9 28
minimum, the test samples should be used that are as homogenous as possible, that are drawn from t
...
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