ASTM C151/C151M-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
Standard Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO, or both, when present in hydraulic cement.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave conditions in this method.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see the section on Safety Precautions.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C151/C151M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C151/C151M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion
3. Significance and Use
of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave
3.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of
conditions in this method.
potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 3
MgO, or both, when present in hydraulic cement.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
4. Interferences
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
4.1 Pozzolans containing fine-grained quartz have been
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
reported to cause excessive expansion under autoclave test
with the standard.
conditionsduetoalkali-silicareactionthatwillnotoccurunder
4
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
normalserviceconditions. Whenexcessiveexpansionofpaste
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
containing pozzolans occurs, it is recommended that the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specimens be examined (see Practice C856) for evidence of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
alkali-silica reaction (Note 1).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
NOTE 1—If the excessive expansion has resulted from alkali-silica
reaction under autoclave conditions, the pozzolan can be evaluated for
precaution statements, see the section on Safety Precautions.
alkali reactivity using the procedure described in Performance Specifica-
tion C1157.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5. Apparatus
C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Nor-
5.1 Weighing Devices and Weights, for determining the
mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
mass of materials conforming to the requirements of Specifi-
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
cation C1005.
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
5.2 GlassGraduates,200or250-mLcapacity,andconform-
C490 Practice for Use ofApparatus for the Determination of
ing to the requirements of Practice C490.
Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
Concrete
5.3 Molds,conformingtotherequirementsofPracticeC490
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
for test specimens used in the determination of length change
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
of cement paste.
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
5.4 Flat Trowel, conforming to the requirements of Test
C856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened
Method C187.
Concrete
5.5 Autoclave, consisting of a high-pressure steam vessel
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for
provided with a thermometer well. The autoclave shall be
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical
equippedwithautomaticcontrolsandeitherarupturediskwith
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
a bursting pressure of 2.4 MPa [350 psi] 6 5 % or a safety
valve that actuates at this pressure. In addition, the autoclave
1
shall be equipped with a vent valve to allow the escape of air
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published December 2016. Originally
3
approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C151/C151M – 15. Gonnerman, H. F., Lerch, W. and Whiteside, T. M., “Investigations of the
DOI: 10.1520/C0151_C0151M-16. Hydration Expansion Characteristics of Portland Cements,” Portland Cement
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Association Research Department Bulletin 45, pp. 1–168, 1953.
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Wang, H., “Autoclave Soundness Test Mischaracterizes Cement-Fly Ash
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Blends by IntroducingAlkali-Quartz Reaction,”Cement,Concrete,andAggregates,
the ASTM website. Vol 24, No. 2, pp. 68–72, 2002.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 -
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C151/C151M − 15 C151/C151M − 16
Standard Test Method for
1
Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C151/C151M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers determination of the autoclave expansion of hydraulic cement by means of a test on a neat cement
specimen. a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave conditions in this method.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see the section on Safety Precautions.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C187 Test Method for Amount of Water Required for Normal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement Paste
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
C490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and Concrete
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic
Cements and Concretes
C856 Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO,
3
or both, when present in hydraulic cement.
4. Interferences
4.1 Pozzolans containing fine-grained quartz have been reported to cause excessive expansion under autoclave test conditions
4
due to alkali-silica reaction that will not occur under normal service conditions. When excessive expansion of paste containing
pozzolans occurs, it is recommended that the specimens be examined (see Practice C856) for evidence of alkali-silica reaction
(Note 1).
NOTE 1—If the excessive expansion has resulted from alkali-silica reaction under autoclave conditions, the pozzolan can be evaluated for alkali
reactivity using the procedure described in Performance Specification C1157.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Weighing Devices and Weights, for determining the mass of materials conforming to the requirements of Specification
C1005.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.31 on Volume Change.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2015Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2015December 2016. Originally approved in 1940. Last previous edition approved in 20092015
as C151/C151M – 09.C151/C151M – 15. DOI: 10.1520/C0151_C0151M-15.10.1520/C0151_C0151M-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Gonnerman, H. F., Lerch, W. and Whiteside, T. M., “Investigations of the Hydration Expansion Characteristics of Portland Cements,” Portland Cement Association
Research Department Bulletin 45, pp. 1–168, 1953.
4
Wang, H., “Autoclave Soundness Test Mischaracterizes Cement-Fly Ash Blends by Introducing Alkali-Quartz Reaction,” Cement, Concrete, and Aggregates, Vol 24, No.
2, pp. 68–72, 2002.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C151/C151M − 16
5.2 Glass Graduates, 200 or 250-mL capacity, and conforming to the requirements of Practice C490.
5.3 Molds, conforming to the requirements of Practice C490 for te
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.