ASTM D7139-05
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers
Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Subcommittee D-13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
1.2 This terminology is unique to the Cotton Fibers industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D 7139 is also a tool for managing the Subcommittees terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept are defined in different words.
1.4 Terms listed are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee D13.11.
1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see Terminology D 123.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D7139–05
Standard Terminology for
Cotton Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 7139; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1464 Test Method for Differential Dyeing Behavior of
Cotton
1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology
D 1684 Practice for Lighting Cotton Classing Rooms for
developed by Subcommittee D-13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Color Grading
1.2 ThisterminologyisuniquetotheCottonFibersindustry.
D 2495 Test Method for Moisture in Cotton by Oven-
Meanings of the same terms used outside the industry can be
Drying
found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.
D 2812 Test Method for Non-Lint Content of Cotton
1.3 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, D 7139 is
D 3025 PracticeforStandardizingCottonFiberTestResults
also a tool for managing the Subcommittee’s terminology.This
by Use of Calibration Cotton Standards
includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies,
D 5332 Test Method for Fiber Length and Length Distribu-
that is, where two or more terms relating to the same concept
tion of Cotton Fibers
are defined in different words.
D 5426 Practices for Visual Inspection and Grading of
1.4 Terms listed are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee
Fabrics Used for Inflatable Restraints
D13.11.
D 5867 Test methods for Measurement of Physical Proper-
1.5 For definitions of other textile terms see Terminology
ties of Cotton Fibers by High Volume Instruments.
D 123.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: A-tuft, n—a single-pass process for aligning hook free fibers
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles. on the Fibroliner FL-101. D 5332
D 1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of amount, n—in cotton fiber testing with the Length Analyzer,a
Cotton Fibers (Array Method) measure of the thickness or pneumatic density of the test
D 1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing beard, proportional to the number of fibers present at various
D 1442 Test Method of Maturity of Cotton Fibers (Sodium distances from the base of the specimen clamp jaws.
Hydroxide Swelling and Polarized Light Procedures) D 5867
D 1445 Test Method for Elongation of Cotton Fibers (Flat amount, n—in cotton length testing with the Fibrograph,a
Bundle Method) measureofthethickness,oropticaldensity,ofthetestbeard,
D 1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity of proportional to the number of fibers present at various
Cotton Fibers by Fibrograph Measurement distances from the comb(s). D 1447
D 1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton B-tuft, n—atwo-passprocessforaligninghookedfibersonthe
Fibers Fibroliner FL-101. D 5332
blending plan, n—the instructions for mixing fibers during
specimen preparation. D 5332
1 calibration cotton standards, n—cotton samples taken from
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeD13 onTextiles
blended bulk source on which fiber properties have been
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. .
determined under the International Calibration Cotton Stan-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
dards Program. D 1448, D 3025D 5867
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
coefficient of length variation, n—a measure of fiber length
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. distribution. D 1440, D 5332
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D7139–05
color grading, n—the act of identifying a specimen by a color scanning the fiber board. D 1447, D 5867
grade or color score that is specific to the color and the Fibronaire, n—an instrument which determines the micron-
material graded. D 1684 aire reading of raw cotton fibers using the “porous-plug” air
color lamp, n—in color determination of cotton with a Color flow technique. D 5867
Meter, a lamp with a specific energy output function used in foreign matter, n—in cotton, non-lint material commonly
conjunctionwithspecialtristimulusfilterstoobtainadesired referred to as waste or trash such as dust, sand, seed-coat
response function. D 5867 fragments, leaves, and stems normally present in raw and
color meter, n—an instrument which measures the fiber partially processed cotton. D 2812, D 5426
samplecoloraspresentedintheviewingwindow,intermsof ginned lint, n—cotton fibers that have been separated from
the tristimulus values Y and Z and transmits these values to their seeds by ginning but not subjected to any further
the IC/TC for further processing. D 5867 processing after ginning. (See lint cotton.) D 2495
color space, n—specific to this standard, the daylight color of hooks, n—in fiber testing, curved or bent fiber ends caused by
opaque specimens are represented by points in a space in the carding or specimen preparation processes. D 5332
terms of three color scales: reflectance, R , and the chroma- horseshoe, n—a length of sliver folded in a manner such that
d
ticity coordinates for redness or greenness, 6a, and yellow- the two ends can be fed simultaneously into the needle field
ness or blueness, 6b. of the Fibroliner FL-101. D 5332
comber/brusher, n—an instrument which prepares the test IC/TC, n—abbreviation for Intelligent Color/Trash Coordina-
beard of fibers for length, length uniformity, strength, and tor. D 5867
elongation measurements by combing the test specimen to IDT, n—abbreviation for Intelligent Data Terminal. D 5867
remove loose or unclamped fibers and paralleling the indi- illumination, n—in lighting, the density or flux of light on a
vidually clamped fibers, and by brushing the clamped fibers unit area of surface. D 1684
to remove fiber crimp and smooth the test beard of cotton. immature fibers, n—(1) (cotton fibers treated with sodium
D 5867 hydroxide solution)—fibers that either (a) have swollen and
control limits, n—predetermined ranges based on the variabil- assumed a spiral form, or (b) remained flat, thinly outlined,
ity of past observations between which the instrument data and almost transparent. Total wall width is less than the
for a test must fall to be considered valid. D 5867 lumen width.
cotton, n—avegetableseedfiberconsistingofunicellularhairs (2) (cotton fibers observed under polarized light)—fibers
attached to the seed of several species of the genus Gos- that appear purple, indigo, or blue, turn orange or yellow-
sypium of the family Malvaceae. D 1445 orange upon rotation to the subtractive position, and upon
cotton color diagram, n—a diagram showing the color ranges removal of the selenite plate show parallel extinction.
of standards officially established by the U.S. Department of (Compare mature fibers.) D 1442
Agriculture for the various grades of cotton in relation to invisible waste, n—in cotton testing, weight loss due to dust,
scalesofreflectance. R ,ontheverticalaxis,andyellowness, moisture, loose fibers, etc., carried away by the air stream
d
+ b, on the horizontal axis. D 5867 during the test. D 2812
cotton maturity, n—the degree of fiber wall development. length analyzer, n—an instrument which determines the
D 1442 upper-half-mean length and length uniformity index of a test
cotton waste, n—material removed from seed cotton, ginned beard of cotton. D 5867
lint, or stock in process by any cleaning or processing length group, n—all fibers, or pulls, whose lengths fall within
machinery and usually consisting of undesirable fibers or a a given length interval. D 1440
mixture of cotton fibers with foreign matter. D 2495 length interval, n—a class interval of ⁄8 in. (3 mm), usually
differential dyeing behavior, n—of cotton, the tendency of designated by its midpoint length in odd-numbered six-
cotton fibers to absorb and retain selectively varying propor- teenths of an inch. D 1440
tions of different dyes from a binary dye bath. D 1464 lint, n—in loose cotton, fibers mostly of spinnable length. (See
elevator, n—a general term describing a mechanical device on also linters.) D 2812
the Motion Control, Inc. Fiber Information System which lint content, n—that portion of a mass of cotton fiber consist-
moves the specimen clamp while preparing the specimen or ing of fiber, including normal moisture content, but exclud-
while taking a length/uniformity index or strength/ ing foreign matter. D 2812
elongation measurement. D 5867 lint cotton, n—loose cotton fibers in any form, either raw or
elongation at breaking force, n—in fiber strength testing of processed, free of seeds and not bound toget
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