ASTM E2035-07e1
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Psychophysiology
Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Psychophysiology
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These terms have particular application to the scientific discipline of forensic psychophysiology. In addition, a hierarchy of sources of definitions are used in the development of this terminology. The hierarchy is as follows: Websters's New World Dictionary, Third College Edition; technical dictionaries; and, the Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions. The subcommittee developed a suitable definition after all of the sources in the hierarchy are found wanting.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions used in forensic psychophysiology. Legal or scientific terms that generally are understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources may not be included.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year of the last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM committee; for example, ASME is the American Society of Mechanical Engineering.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field are identified with an abbreviation.
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Designation:E2035–07
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Forensic Psychophysiology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—The term cardiovascular tracing was editorially corrected in January 2008.
1. Scope artifact, n—a change in a PDD tracing that is not arributable
to a review test question, stimulus, recovery, or homeostasis.
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding
cardiovasculartracing, n—adisplayofphysiologicalpatterns
definitions used in forensic psychophysiology. Legal or scien-
of the subject’s relative blood pressure and pulse rate. The
tific terms that generally are understood or defined adequately
cardiograph component records this activity.
in other readily available sources may not be included.
comparison question, n—type of question, the physiological
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
responses from which are compared to those generated by
mation included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and
the relevant questions.
the year of the last review or revision is appended.
counterintelligence-scope polygraph (CSP), n—screening
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another
examination administered by the Federal Government on
standards organization orASTM committee are identified with
individuals with sensitive security clearances to detect and
the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the
deter espionage, security breaches, sabotage, or other acts
identifying document and ASTM committee; for example,
against the government. Sometimes referred to as a loyalty
ASME is the American Society of Mechanical Engineering.
examination.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field are
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., n—although
identified with an abbreviation.
not a PDD case, the Daubert case set aside the landmark
2. Significance and Use
Frye rule’s “general acceptability” provisions in favor of the
Federal Rules of Evidence. This paved the way for the
2.1 These terms have particular application to the scientific
admissibility of PDD evidence in most jurisdictions. See:
discipline of forensic psychophysiology. In addition, a hierar-
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1992), 509
chy of sources of definitions are used in the development of
U. S. 579, 125 1. Ed 2d 469; United States v. Frye 54 App
this terminology. The hierarchy is as follows: Websters’s New
D.C. 46, 293 F1013.
World Dictionary, Third College Edition; technical dictionar-
deception indicated (DI), n—deception indicated is a conven-
ies; and, the Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions. The
tional term for a PDD outcome.Adecision of DI means that
subcommittee developed a suitable definition after all of the
the physiological data are stable and interpretable and that
sources in the hierarchy are found wanting.
the evaluation criteria used by the examiner concluded that
3. Terminology
the examinee was not being completely truthful to the
relevant issue. Deception indicated corresponds to the term
3.1 Terms and Definitions:
“Significant Physiological Responses,” or SPR.
Air Force modified general question test (AFMGQT),
deception test, n—a family of PDD examinations where direct
n—test format with flexible question orderings and numbers
questions are posed to the examinee during physiological
of relevant questions. The AFMGQT can be used in single-
recording regarding the examinee’s involvement in what is
issue, multiple facet, and multiple-issue PDD examinations.
covered in the relevant question. Unlike recognition tests,
The AFMGQT uses relevant, comparison, sacrifice relevant
both truthful and deceptive examinees are aware of which
and irrelevant questions.
questions are relevant, and direct participation, not just
recognition, is tested. Deception tests include PDD compari-
1 son question tests and PDD Relevant/Irrelevant tests.
This terminology standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E52
on Forensic Psychophysiology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee disclosure examinations over sexual history, n—A clinical
E52.06 on Terminology.
polygraph examination intended to explore pre-conviction
Current edition approved March 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
“lifetime” sexual behavioral histories and activities which
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E2035 – 05a. DOI:
10.1520/E2035-07E01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
e1
Designation:E2035–05a Designation:E2035–07
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Forensic Psychophysiology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—The term cardiovascular tracing was editorially corrected in January 2008.
1. Scope
1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions used in forensic psychophysiology. Legal or scientific terms
that generally are understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources may not be included.
1.2 Adefinition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years, and the year
of the last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the
abbreviation of the name of the organization or the identifying document and ASTM committee; for example, ASME is the
American Society of Mechanical Engineering.
1.4 Definitions of terms specific to a particular field are identified with an abbreviation.
2. Significance and Use
2.1 These terms have particular application to the scientific discipline of forensic psychophysiology. In addition, a hierarchy of
sources of definitions are used in the development of this terminology. The hierarchy is as follows: Websters’s New World
Dictionary, Third College Edition; technical dictionaries; and, the Compilation ofASTM Standard Definitions. The subcommittee
developed a suitable definition after all of the sources in the hierarchy are found wanting.
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms and Definitions:
Air Force modified general question test (AFMGQT), n—test format with flexible question orderings and numbers of relevant
questions.TheAFMGQTcan be used in single-issue, multiple facet, and multiple-issue PDD examinations.TheAFMGQTuses
relevant, comparison, sacrifice relevant and irrelevant questions.
artifact, n—a change in a PDD tracing that is not arributable to a review test question, stimulus, recovery, or homeostasis.
cardiovascular tracing, n—a display of physiological patterns of the subject’s relative blood volumepressure and pulse rate. The
cardiograph component records this activity.
comparison question, n—type of question, the physiological responses from which are compared to those generated by the
relevant questions.
counterintelligence-scope polygraph (CSP), n—screening examination administered by the Federal Government on individuals
with sensitive security clearances to detect and deter espionage, security breaches, sabotage, or other acts against the
government. Sometimes referred to as a loyalty examination.
Daubertv.MerrellDowPharmaceuticals,Inc., n—althoughnotaPDDcase,theDaubertcasesetasidethelandmarkFryerule’s
“general acceptability” provisions in favor of the Federal Rules of Evidence. This paved the way for the admissibility of PDD
evidence in most jurisdictions. See: Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (1992), 509 U. S. 579, 125 1. Ed 2d 469;
United States v. Frye 54 App D.C. 46, 293 F 1013.
deception indicated (DI), n—deception indicated is a conventional term for a PDD outcome. A decision of DI means that the
physiological data are stable and interpretable and that the evaluation criteria used by the examiner concluded that the examinee
was not being completely truthful to the relevant issue. Deception indicated corresponds to the term “Significant Physiological
Responses,” or SPR.
deceptiontest, n—afamilyofPDDexaminationswheredirectquestionsareposedtotheexamineeduringphysiologicalrecording
regarding the examinee’s involvement in what is covered in the relevant question. Unlike recognition tests, both truthful and
deceptiveexamineesareawareofwhichquestionsarerelevant,anddirectparticipation,notjustrecognition,istested.Deception
1
This terminology standard is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E52 on Forensic Psychophysiology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E52.06 on
Terminology.
Current edition approved MayMarch 1, 2005.2007. Published May 2005.April 2007. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E 2035 - 05a.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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