ASTM F2437/F2437M-17
(Specification)Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors, and Studs
Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors, and Studs
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs. These DTIs are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened washer or other flat hardened surface. The following are two types of DTIs: Type 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces and Type 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. DTIs shall have a configuration produced by extrusion, punching, pressing, or similar forming to permit a measurable decrease in thickness when placed in compression. The design shall be such that the degree of plastic deformation of the protrusions shall indicate the tension in a tightened cap screw, bolt, anchor, or stud. The process used for heat treatment of DTIs, if required, shall be through-hardening by heating to a temperature above the upper transformation temperature, quenching in oil, and then tempering by reheating to a suitable temperature to attain desired mechanical/performance properties. Protective coatings, platings, or finishes may be applied on the DTIs if specified. Compression load and hardness of the DTIs shall be determined by performing mechanical tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.
1.2 Direct tension indicators in inch sizes 1/4 through 21/2 in. and metric sizes M6 and M72 are covered.
1.3 Direct tension indicators have two styles and four grades for inch fasteners, Grades 5, 8, 55, and 105, and two property classes for metric fasteners, property classes 8.8 and 10.9 each of which differ in their compressive load requirements at a given gap (see Table 1 and Table 2).
1.3.1 Style 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller bearing surfaces. Style 1 DTIs are available in Grades 5 and 8, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3).
1.3.2 Style 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large bearing surfaces. Style 2 DTIs are available in Grades 55 and 105, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3). (A) Compression load requirements establish the capability of the direct tension indicators to satisfy typical tension requirements for these grades. The user is not obliged to install fasteners and DTIs to these tensions, and is free to specify installation to lower tension values. When so specified, the DTI supplier shall provide a load-gap curve in accordance with 15.2 to enable the user to select the appropriate gap criteria for the intended target tension of the application.(B) The Mean compression load values for Grades 5 and 8 in nominal sizes up through 1-1/2 in are based upon 75% of the proof load for SAE J429 cap screws. For Grade 5 in nominal sizes over 1-1/2 in and up to 2-1/2 in inclusive, the mean compression load values are based on 75% of the proof load for ASTM A449. For grade 8 in nominal sizes over 1-1/2 in and up to 2-1/2 in inclusive, mean compression load values are based upon 75 % of the proof load for ASTM A354BD.(C) Mean compression load values for Grades 55 and 105 are based upon 60 % of the yield strength for the matching fasteners on which they are used. (A) The Mean compression load values for property classes 8.8 and 10.9 are based upon 75% of the proof load for ISO 898-1 Bolts/Stud/Screws. (A) A Inch bolt and cap screw dimensions are designated in ASME B18.2.1 and metric bolt dimensions are designated in ISO 4014.(B) Inch nuts dimensions are designated in ASME B18.2.2 and metric nut dimensions are designated in ISO 4032.
1.4 Direct tension indicators are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head,...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F2437/F2437M −17
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct
Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors,
1
and Studs
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF2437/F2437M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* used independently of the other, and values from the two
systems shall not be combined.
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indi-
the test method portions, Section 12of this specification: This
cators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
1 1
1.2 Direct tension indicators in inch sizes ⁄4 through 2 ⁄2 in.
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
and metric sizes M6 and M72 are covered.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
1.3 Direct tension indicators have two styles and four
tions prior to use.
grades for inch fasteners, Grades 5, 8, 55, and 105, and two
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
property classes for metric fasteners, property classes 8.8 and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
10.9 each of which differ in their compressive load require-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ments at a given gap (see Table 1 and Table 2).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3.1 Style 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
bearing surfaces. Style 1 DTIs are available in Grades 5 and 8,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a
prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3). 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.3.2 Style 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bearing surfaces. Style 2 DTIs are available in Grades 55 and
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
105, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a
Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure
prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3).
Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel,
1.4 Direct tension indicators are intended for installation
and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or
underaboltorcapscrewhead,ahexnut,oragainstahardened
High Temperature Service, or Both
washer or other flat hardened surface.
A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and
1.5 Recommended Fasteners—Fasteners meeting the re-
Threaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength
quirements of the standards referenced in Table 3 are consid-
A354 Specification for Quenched and TemperedAlloy Steel
ered compatible with the DTI grade or class listed.
Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
1.6 The values stated for Inch DTIs are expressed in
A449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs,
inch-pound units and for Metric DTIs values are expressed in
Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile
SIunits.ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunits
Strength, General Use
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
posited on Iron and Steel
F436/F436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch
and Metric Dimensions
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.06 on Steel Washers
2
and Rivets. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 15, 2017. Published April 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2437–14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2437_F2437M-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2437 − 14 F2437/F2437M − 17
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct
Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors,
1
and Studs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2437;F2437/F2437M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indicators
(DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.
1 1
1.2 Direct tension indicators in nominal diameter inch sizes ⁄4 through 2 ⁄2 in. and metric sizes M6 and M72 are covered.
1.3 There are two Types of DTIs covered by this specification, Type 1 Direct tension indicators have two styles and four grades
for inch fasteners, Grades 5, 8, 55, and 105, and two property classes for metric fasteners, property classes 8.8 and 10.9 each of
which differ in their compressive load requirements at a given gap (see Table 1 and Table 2Type 2.).
1.3.1 TypeStyle 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively largesmaller bearing surfaces. TypeStyle 1 DTIs are available in Grades
555 and 105,8, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3).
NOTE 1—Examples of a comparatively large bearing surface would include heavy hex bolts, heavy hex nuts, and so forth.
1.3.2 TypeStyle 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smallerlarge bearing surfaces.Type surfaces. Style 2 DTIs are available
in Grades 555 and 8,105, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3).
NOTE 2—Examples of a comparatively small bearing surface would include a hex cap screw, hex nut, and so forth.
1.4 Direct tension indicators are intended for installation under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened washer
or other flat hardened surface.
1.5 Recommended Fasteners—Fasteners meeting the requirements of the standards referenced in Table 3 are considered
compatible with the DTI grade or class listed.
1.6 The values stated for Inch DTIs are expressed in inch-pound units are and for Metric DTIs values are expressed in SI
units.The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are
included in this separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions, Section 12 and Appendix XI of this
specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure Service and Other
Special Purpose Applications
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets
and Washers.
Current edition approved June 1, 2014March 15, 2017. Published June 2014April 2017. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20122014 as
F2437–12.–14. DOI: 10.1520/F2437-14.10.1520/F2437_F2437M-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2437/F2437M − 17
Standard Specification for
Carbon and Alloy Steel Compressible-Washer-Type Direct
Tension Indicators for Use with Cap Screws, Bolts, Anchors,
1
and Studs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2437/F2437M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* used independently of the other, and values from the two
systems shall not be combined.
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for carbon
1.7 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
and alloy steel compressible-washer-type direct tension indi-
the test method portions, Section 12of this specification: This
cators (DTIs) capable of indicating a specified bolt tension in
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
cap screws, bolts, anchors, and studs.
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
1 1
1.2 Direct tension indicators in inch sizes ⁄4 through 2 ⁄2 in.
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
and metric sizes M6 and M72 are covered.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
1.3 Direct tension indicators have two styles and four
tions prior to use.
grades for inch fasteners, Grades 5, 8, 55, and 105, and two
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
property classes for metric fasteners, property classes 8.8 and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
10.9 each of which differ in their compressive load require-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ments at a given gap (see Table 1 and Table 2).
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3.1 Style 1 DTIs are suitable for comparatively smaller
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
bearing surfaces. Style 1 DTIs are available in Grades 5 and 8,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a
prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3). 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.3.2 Style 2 DTIs are suitable for comparatively large
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bearing surfaces. Style 2 DTIs are available in Grades 55 and
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
105, which differ in the amount of tension they indicate at a
Steel Bolting for High Temperature or High Pressure
prescribed gap (see Table 1 and Table 3).
Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel,
1.4 Direct tension indicators are intended for installation
and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or
under a bolt or cap screw head, a hex nut, or against a hardened
High Temperature Service, or Both
washer or other flat hardened surface.
A307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Studs, and
1.5 Recommended Fasteners—Fasteners meeting the re-
Threaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength
quirements of the standards referenced in Table 3 are consid-
A354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel
ered compatible with the DTI grade or class listed.
Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
1.6 The values stated for Inch DTIs are expressed in
A449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs,
inch-pound units and for Metric DTIs values are expressed in
Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile
SI units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Strength, General Use
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
B695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically De-
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
posited on Iron and Steel
F436/F436M Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch
and Metric Dimensions
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.06 on Steel Washers
2
and Rivets. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 15, 2017. Published April 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as F2437–14. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/F2437_F2437M-17. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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