ASTM D1987-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil/Geotextile Filters
Standard Test Method for Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil/Geotextile Filters
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the potential for, and relative degree of, biological growth which can accumulate on geotextile or geotextile/soil filters.
1.2 This test method uses the measurement of flow rates over an extended period of time to determine the amount of clogging.
1.3 This test method can be adapted for nonsaturated as well as saturated conditions.
1.4 This test method can use constant head or falling head measurement techniques.
1.5 This test method can also be used to give an indication as to the possibility of backflushing and/or biocide treatment for remediation purposes if biological clogging does occur.
1.6 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values provided in inch-pound units are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1987 − 07
StandardTest Method for
1
Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil/Geotextile Filters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tem Clogging Potential by the Gradient Ratio
G22Practice for Determining Resistance of Plastics to
1.1 This test method is used to determine the potential for,
3
Bacteria (Withdrawn 2002)
andrelativedegreeof,biologicalgrowthwhichcanaccumulate
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
on geotextile or geotextile/soil filters.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.2 This test method uses the measurement of flow rates
over an extended period of time to determine the amount of
3. Terminology
clogging.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 Thistestmethodcanbeadaptedfornonsaturatedaswell
3.1.1 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised
as saturated conditions.
solely of textiles.
1.4 This test method can use constant head or falling head
3.1.2 permeability, n—the rate of flow of a liquid under a
measurement techniques.
differential pressure through a material.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In geotextiles, permeability refers to
1.5 This test method can also be used to give an indication
hydraulic conductivity.
as to the possibility of backflushing and/or biocide treatment
−1
for remediation purposes if biological clogging does occur.
3.1.3 permittivity,(Ψ)(t ),n—ofgeotextiles,thevolumetric
flow rate of water per unit, in a cross sectional area head under
1.6 ThevaluesinSIunitsaretoberegardedasthestandard.
laminar flow conditions.
The values provided in inch-pound units are for information
3.1.4 aerobic,n—aconditioninwhichameasurablevolume
only.
of air is present in the incubation chamber or system.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Ingeotextiles,thisconditioncanpoten-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
tially contribute to the growth of micro-organisms.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1.5 anaerobic, n—a condition in which no measurable
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. volume of air is present in the incubation chamber or system.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—In geotextiles, this condition cannot
2. Referenced Documents
contribute to the growth of microorganisms.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.6 back flushing, n—a process by which liquid is forced
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
in the reverse direction to the flow direction.
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
3.1.6.1 Discussion—In other drainage application areas,
D4354Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing this process is commonly used to free clogged drainage
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
systemsofmaterialsthatimpedetheintendeddirectionofflow.
D4491Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles
3.1.7 biocide, n—a chemical used to kill bacteria and other
by Permittivity
microorganisms.
D5101Test Method for Measuring the Soil-Geotextile Sys-
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
refer to Terminology D123 and D4439.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endur-
4. Summary of Test Method
ance Properties.
4.1 A geotextile filter specimen or geotextile/soil filter
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1987–95(2002).
composite specimen is positioned in a flow column so that a
DOI: 10.1520/D1987-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1987 − 07
designated liquid flows through it under either constant or the geotextile specimen along with upper and lower flow tubes
falling head conditions. to allow for uniform flow trajectories (see Fig. 1). The flow
4.1.1 The designated liquid might contain micro-organisms tubes are each sealed with end caps which have entry and exit
from which biological growth can occur. tubing connections (see Fig. 1). The upper tube can be made
sufficien
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1987–95 (Reapproved 2002) Designation:D1987–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Biological Clogging of Geotextile or Soil/Geotextile Filters
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1987; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is used to determine the potential for, and relative degree of, biological growth which can accumulate on
geotextile or geotextile/soil filters.
1.2 This test method uses the measurement of flow rates over an extended period of time to determine the amount of clogging.
1.3 This test method can be adapted for nonsaturated as well as saturated conditions.
1.4 This test method can use constant head or falling head measurement techniques.
1.5 This test method can also be used to give an indication as to the possibility of backflushing and/or biocide treatment for
remediation purposes if biological clogging does occur.
1.6 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values provided in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for Testing
3
D4439Terminology for Geotextiles Terminology for Geosynthetics
D4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity
D5101 Test Method for Measuring the Soil-Geotextile System Clogging Potential Byby the Gradient Ratio
3
G22Practice for Determining Resistance of Plastics to Bacteria Practice for Determining Resistance of Plastics to Bacteria
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles.
3.1.2 permeability, n—the rate of flow of a liquid under a differential pressure through a material.
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In geotextiles, permeability refers to hydraulic conductivity.
−1
3.1.3 permittivity, (C)(t ), n—of geotextiles, the volumetric flow rate of water per unit, in a cross sectional area head under
laminar flow conditions.
3.1.4 aerobic, n—a condition in which a measurable volume of air is present in the incubation chamber or system.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In geotextiles, this condition can potentially contribute to the growth of micro-organisms.
3.1.5 anaerobic, n—a condition in which no measurable volume of air is present in the incubation chamber or system.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—In geotextiles, this condition cannot contribute to the growth of microorganisms.
3.1.6 back flushing, n—a process by which liquid is forced in the reverse direction to the flow direction.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—In other drainage application areas, this process is commonly used to free clogged drainage systems of
materials that impede the intended direction of flow.
3.1.7 biocide, n—a chemical used to kill bacteria and other microorganisms.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123 and D4439.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1996. Published June 1996. Originally published as D1987–91. Last previous edition D1987–91.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1987–95(2002).
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 07.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D1987–07
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Ageotextile filter specimen or geotextile/soil filter composite specimen is positioned
...
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