ASTM D4833/D4833M-07(2013)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
Standard Test Method for Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is an index test for determining the puncture resistance of geomembranes and related products. The use of this test method is to establish an index value by providing standard criteria and a basis for uniform reporting.
5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geomembranes and related materials since the test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to measure the index puncture resistance of geomembranes and related products.
1.2 The use of Test Method D4833/D4833M may be inappropriate for testing some woven geotextiles or related products which have large openings, such as geonets and geogrids.
1.3 It is recommended that geotextile and geotextile related products be tested using Test Method D6241.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D4833/D4833M − 07 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Test Method for
Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4833/D4833M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Units information was editorially corrected in June 2013.
1. Scope Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
1.1 This test method is used to measure the index puncture
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
resistance of geomembranes and related products.
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.2 The use of Test Method D4833/D4833M may be inap-
D6241 Test Method for Static Puncture Strength of Geotex-
propriate for testing some woven geotextiles or related prod-
tiles and Geotextile-Related Products Using a 50-mm
ucts which have large openings, such as geonets and geogrids.
Probe
1.3 It is recommended that geotextile and geotextile related
3. Terminology
products be tested using Test Method D6241.
3.1 Definitions:
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
at a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
2°C [70 6 4°F].
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—very low permeability synthetic
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. membrane liners or barriers used with any geotechnical engi-
neering related material so as to control fluid migration in a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
man-made project, structure, or system.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
known bias but which may be used to establish an order for a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
set of specimens with respect to the property of interest.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.4 puncture resistance (F), n—the inherent resisting
2. Referenced Documents
mechanism of the test specimen to the failure by a penetrating
2 or puncturing object.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for 3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to geosynthetics
Textiles used in this standard, refer to Terminology D4439.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles 4. Summary of Test Method
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
4.1 A test specimen is clamped without tension between
circular plates of a ring clamp attachment secured in a tensile
testing machine. A force is exerted against the center of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on unsupported portion of the test specimen by a solid steel rod
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
attached to the load indicator until rupture of the specimen
cal Properties.
occurs. The maximum force recorded is the value of puncture
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally
resistance of the specimen.
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4833–07. DOI:
10.1520/D4833_D4833M-07R13E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4833/D4833M − 07 (2013)
5. Significance and Use from a lot material of the type in question. The test specimens
should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
5.1 This test method is an index test for determining the
laboratory for testing. The average results from the two
puncture resistance of geomembranes and related products.
laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for
The use of this test method is to establish an index value by
unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the
providing standard criteria and a basis for uniform reporting.
two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either
5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the
tance testing of commercial shipments of geomembranes and
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of
related materials since the test method has been used exten-
the known bias.
sively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
6. Apparatus
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
6.1 Tensile/Compression Testing Machine, of the constant-
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
rate-of extension (CRE) type, with autographic recorder con-
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
forming to the requirements of Specification D76/D76M. See
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
Fig. 1.
tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test 6.2 Ring Clamp Attachment, consisting of concentric plates
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are with an open internal diameter of 45 6 0.025 mm [1.772 6
FIG. 1 Photographs of Test Setup and Fixture
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D4833/D4833M − 07 (2013)
0.001 in.], capable of clamping the test specimen without
slippage.Asuggested clamping arrangement is shown in Fig. 1
and Fig. 2. The external diameter is to be a minimum of 100
[3.937].Thediameterofthesixholesusedforsecuringthering
clamp assembly is suggested to be 8 mm [0.135 in.] and
equally spaced at a radius of 37 mm [2.95 in.]. The surfaces of
these plates can consist of grooves with O-rings or coarse
sandpaper bonded onto opposing surfaces.
6.3 Solid Steel Rod, with a diameter of 8 6 0.1 mm [0.315
6 0.004 in.] having a flat end
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