ASTM D3825-09

Standard Test Method for Dynamic Surface Tension by the Fast-Bubble Technique (Withdrawn 2016)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
While this test method can be applied to pure liquids, it is especially designed for use with mixtures in which one or more components migrate to the surface.
Data of this type are needed for the design of equipment for processing mixed liquids, such as in distillation towers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific free energy of a liquid-gas surface a short time after formation of the surface.
1.2 It is applicable to liquids with vapor pressures up to 30.0 kPa (225 torr) and kinematic viscosities up to 4.0 mm/s (4.0 cSt) at the test temperature. Higher viscosities have not yet been investigated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the specific free energy of a liquid-gas surface a short time after formation of the surface.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in July 2016 due to lack of interest in maintaining the standard.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2009
• Withdrawal Date: 05-Jul-2016
• ICS: 13.300 - Protection against dangerous goods
• ICS: 75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.L0.07 - Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids (Formally D02.1100)

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM E2798-19 - Standard Test Method for Characterization of Performance of Pesticide Spray Drift Reduction Adjuvants for Ground Application
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3825 − 09
StandardTest Method for
1
Dynamic Surface Tension by the Fast-Bubble Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3825; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthespecific 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
free energy of a liquid-gas surface a short time after formation
of the surface. D1331Test Methods for Surface and Interfacial Tension of
Solutions of Paints, Solvents, Solutions of Surface-Active
1.2 Itisapplicabletoliquidswithvaporpressuresupto30.0
Agents, and Related Materials
kPa (225 torr) and kinematic viscosities up to 4.0 mm/s (4.0
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
cSt) at the test temperature. Higher viscosities have not yet
2
been investigated.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Definitions:
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.1 surface tension (γ)—thespecificsurfacefreeenergyof
2
only.
a liquid gas interface, millinewton per metre (ergs/cm ).
1.4 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
−1
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
3.2.1 bubble frequency (S)—bubbling rate, s .
central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or
3.2.2 bubble pressure (∆P)—difference between maximum
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
pressures for the wide capillary (P ) and the narrow capillary
1
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
(P ), Pa.
2
mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
3.2.3 dead time (t )—time required from start to completion
o
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website
of a bubble, ms.
(http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-
3.2.4 dead time %—fraction of a cycle (t+ t ) in the dead
o
tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-
state,%.
containingproducts,orboth,inyourstatemaybeprohibitedby
3.2.5 surface age (t)—time required to start a new bubble,
state law.
ms.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.3 Symbols:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
γ = surface tension, millinewtons per metre (dynes/cm)
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
−1
S = bubble frequency, s
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
t = dead time, ms
o
For specific warning statements, see 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5.
t = surface age, ms
3
D = density, kg/m
r = radius, mm
1
∆P = difference between maximum pressures, Pa
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
P = maximum pressure for the wide capillary, Pa
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
1
SubcommitteeD02.L0.07onEngineeringSciencesofHighPerformanceFluidsand
P = maximum pressure for the narrow capillary, Pa
2
Solids (Formally D02.1100).
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D3825–90(2005).
3
DOI: 10.1520/D3825-09. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Kloubek, J., “Measurement of the Dynamic Surface Tension by the Maximum contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Bubble Pressure Method, III,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 41, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
October 1972, pp. 7–16. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3825 − 09
Tips of b and b' shall be cut squarely at exactly the same level, and finely
ground (for example, 44 µm S;C (320 mesh S;C).
FIG. 1 Bubbler Unit
4. Summary of Test Method 6.5 Bridge Power Supply, for the strain gage.
4.1 Thepressurerequiredforbubbleformationatacapillary 6.6 Oscilloscope, capable of sweep times down to 0.020 s.
tip immersed in the liquid is measured at gas flow rates that
6.7 Filtered (5-µm) Air Supply, with pressure regulator
provide a series of bubble frequencies. The pressure and a
capable of 0 to 724 kPa (0 to 105 psig) above ambient.
calibration constant are used to calculate the dynamic surface
NOTE 1—Nitrogen shall be used in place of air if there is any problem
tension at various surface ages.
of oxidizing
...