ASTM D2709-96(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used as an indication of water and sediment in middle distillate fuels such as Grade Nos. 1 and 2 fuel oil (Specification D 396), Nos. 1-D and 2-D diesel fuel (Specification D 975), and Nos. 0-GT, 1-GT, and 2-GT gas turbine fuels (Specification D 2880).
Appreciable amounts of water and sediment in a fuel oil tend to cause fouling of the fuel-handling facilities and to give trouble in the fuel system of a burner or engine. An accumulation of sediment in storage tanks and on filter screens can obstruct the flow of oil from the tank to the combustor. Water in middle distillate fuels can cause corrosion of tanks and equipment, and if detergent is present, the water can cause emulsions or a hazy appearance. Water is necessary to support microbiological growth at fuel water-interfaces in fuel systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volume of free water and sediment in middle distillate fuels having viscosities at 40°C (104°F) in the range of 1.0 to 4.1 mm²/s (1.0 to 4.1 cSt) and densities in the range of 770 to 900 kg/m³.
Note 1—Fuels corresponding to Specification D 975 Grades 1D and 2D, Specification D 2880 Grades 0-GT, 1-GT and 2-GT, and Specification D 3699 Grades 1-K and 2-K will usually fall in this viscosity and density range. Test Method D 1796 is intended for higher viscosity fuel oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D2709–96 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Test Method for
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Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volume 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
of free water and sediment in middle distillate fuels having 3.1.1 distillate fuel—a virgin or cracked or blend of virgin
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viscosities at 40°C (104°F) in the range of 1.0 to 4.1 mm /s and cracked distillate having a flash point greater than 38°C.
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(1.0 to 4.1 cSt) and densities in the range of 770 to 900 kg/m .
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 1—Fuels corresponding to Specification D975 Grades 1D and
4.1 A100-mL sample of the undiluted fuel is centrifuged at
2D, Specification D2880 Grades 0-GT, 1-GT and 2-GT, and Specification
a relative centrifugal force of 800 for 10 min at 21 to 32°C (70
D3699 Grades 1-K and 2-K will usually fall in this viscosity and density
to 90°F) in a centrifuge tube readable to 0.005 mL and
range. Test Method D1796 is intended for higher viscosity fuel oils.
measurable to 0.01 mL. After centrifugation, the volume of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
water and sediment which has settled into the tip of the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
centrifuge tube is read to the nearest 0.005 mLand reported as
only.
the volumetric percent water and sediment by centrifuge.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This test method is used as an indication of water and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sediment in middle distillate fuels such as Grade Nos. 1 and 2
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
fuel oil (Specification D396), Nos. 1-D and 2-D diesel fuel
(Specification D975), and Nos. 0-GT, 1-GT, and 2-GT gas
2. Referenced Documents
turbine fuels (Specification D2880).
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Appreciable amounts of water and sediment in a fuel oil
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
tend to cause fouling of the fuel-handling facilities and to give
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
trouble in the fuel system of a burner or engine. An accumu-
D1796 Test Method forWater and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
lation of sediment in storage tanks and on filter screens can
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
obstruct the flow of oil from the tank to the combustor. Water
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
in middle distillate fuels can cause corrosion of tanks and
D3699 Specification for Kerosine
equipment, and if detergent is present, the water can cause
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
emulsions or a hazy appearance. Water is necessary to support
Petroleum Products
microbiologicalgrowthatfuelwater-interfacesinfuelsystems.
6. Apparatus
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on 6.1 Centrifuge, capable of whirling two or more filled
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
centrifuge tubes at a speed which can be controlled to give a
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
relative centrifugal force (rcf) of 800 6 60 at the tip of the
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally
´1
tubes. The revolving head, trunnion rings, and trunnion cups,
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2709 – 96 (2001) .
DOI: 10.1520/D2709-96R06.
including the cushions, are to be soundly constructed to
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
withstand the maximum centrifugal force capable of being
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
delivered by the power source.The trunnion cups and cushions
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. shall support the tubes when the centrifuge is in motion. The
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D2709–96 (2006)
TABLE 1 Rotation Speeds Applicable for Centrifuges
8. Procedure
of Various Diameters of Swing
8.1 Temperature Control—After the sample container and
A
Diameters of Swi
...
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