ASTM D7049-24

Standard Test Method for Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method covers the gravimetric measurement4 of metal removal fluid aerosol concentrations in workplace atmospheres.  
5.2 This test method provides total particulate matter concentrations for comparison with historical exposure databases collected with the same technology.  
5.3 This test method provides an extension to current non-standardized methods by adding an extractable mass concentration which reduces interferences from nonmetal removal fluid aerosols.  
5.4 This test method does not address differences between metal removal fluid types, but it does include extraction with a broad spectrum of solvent polarity to adequately remove many of the current fluid formulations from insoluble background aerosol.5  
5.5 This test method does not identify or quantify any specific putative toxins in the workplace that can be related to metal removal fluid aerosols or vapors.  
5.6 This test method does not address the loss of semivolatile compounds from the filter during or after collection.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of both total collected particulate matter and extractable mass metalworking fluid aerosol concentrations in the range of 0.07 to 5 mg/m3 in workplace atmospheres.  
1.2 This test method describes a standardized means of collecting worker exposure information that can be compared to existing exposure databases, using a test method that is also more specific to metal removal fluids.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Feb-2024
• ICS: 13.040.20 - Ambient atmospheres
• Technical Committee: E34 - Occupational Health and Safety
• Drafting Committee: E34.50 - Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7049-17 - Standard Test Method for Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E1497-23 - Standard Practice for Selection and Safe Use of Water-Miscible and Straight Oil Metal Removal Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E2523-23 - Standard Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Operations
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E2148-21 - Standard Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworking or Metal Removal Fluid Health and Safety
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Referred By: ASTM E2889-23 - Standard Practice for Control of Respiratory Hazards in the Metal Removal Fluid Environment
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024

Overview

ASTM D7049-24: Standard Test Method for Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres provides a standardized gravimetric procedure for measuring concentrations of metalworking fluid (MWF) aerosols in industrial workplace environments. Developed by ASTM, this method aims to improve accuracy and consistency in occupational air monitoring specifically targeting metal removal fluids, including those used for wet machining and grinding operations.

This standard is directly relevant for occupational health and safety professionals, industrial hygienists, and organizations seeking to align workplace exposure assessments with internationally recognized protocols. Its adoption facilitates comparison with historical exposure databases and enhances specificity through extractable mass measurement.

Key Topics

• Scope of the Method

  • Measures both total particulate matter and extractable mass concentrations of metalworking fluid aerosols.
  • Applicable for concentration ranges of 0.07 to 5 mg/m³ in workplace atmospheres.
  • Utilizes standardized SI units for all measurements.

• Test Method Principles

  • Air sampling with a 37 mm PTFE filter cassette collects workplace aerosols over a measured period.
  • Post-sampling, filters undergo solvent extraction with both polar and nonpolar solvents, enabling calculation of the extractable mass, which better isolates the MWF-related fraction.
  • Results permit direct comparison to similar measurements from previously established databases.

• Significance and Limitations

  • Reduces interference from non-MWF aerosols by focusing on the extractable mass.
  • Does not differentiate between types of metal removal fluids, but extraction techniques address most current formulations.
  • Does not identify specific chemical toxins or address loss of semi-volatile compounds during sampling.

• Quality Assurance and Calibration

  • Emphasizes rigorous calibration of sampling equipment and analytical balances.
  • Requires inclusion and analysis of field and laboratory blanks for quality control.
  • Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) determined from field and extraction blanks.

Applications

• Occupational Air Monitoring

  • Used by industrial hygienists to evaluate worker exposure to metalworking fluid aerosols.
  • Supports compliance with occupational exposure limits and regulatory requirements such as those set by OSHA (e.g., 29 CFR 1910.1000).

• Exposure Assessment Programs

  • Enables industrial facilities to assess and document air quality impacts related to machining, grinding, and metal removal operations.
  • Provides a means for consistency when comparing exposure data across different sites or historical records.

• Industrial Hygiene and Safety

  • Strengthens chemical exposure monitoring and workplace health and safety management systems.
  • Aids in the identification of potential aerosol contamination events, prompting timely corrective actions.

• Data Reporting and Interpretation

  • Results inform both short-term investigations (e.g., specific operations) and long-term health surveillance programs.

Related Standards

• ASTM D1356 - Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
• ASTM D3195 / D3195M - Practice for Rotameter Calibration
• ASTM D4532 - Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace Atmospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
• ASTM D4840 - Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
• ASTM D5337 - Practice for Setting and Verifying the Flow Rate of Personal Sampling Pumps
• ASTM E1542 - Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and Safety
• NIOSH Method 0500 & 5524 - Manual of Analytical Methods for workplace aerosols
• 29 CFR 1910.1000 - OSHA Air Contaminants Regulation
• 29 CFR 1910.1450 - OSHA Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories

By utilizing ASTM D7049-24, organizations can ensure robust, precise, and internationally aligned monitoring of metalworking fluid aerosol exposure, enhancing workplace safety and regulatory compliance in the metalworking industry.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7049 − 24 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Personal Sampling Pumps
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determina-
Safety
tion of both total collected particulate matter and extractable
mass metalworking fluid aerosol concentrations in the range of 2.2 U.S. Government Regulations:
29 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants
0.07 to 5 mg/m in workplace atmospheres.
29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous
1.2 This test method describes a standardized means of
Chemicals in Laboratories
collecting worker exposure information that can be compared
to existing exposure databases, using a test method that is also
3. Terminology
more specific to metal removal fluids.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test method,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
refer to Terminologies D1356 and E1542.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 extractable mass, n—the amount of material removed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by liquid extraction of the filter using a mixed-polarity solvent
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mixture.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—This mass is an approximation of the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
metal removal fluid portion of the workplace aerosol.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.2.2 filter set, n—a group of filters from the same produc-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tion lot that are weighed and assembled into the filter cassettes
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
at one time.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—The filter set may be used for sampling
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
on multiple days with the appropriate field blanks being
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
submitted for each sampling day.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.3 metal removal fluids, n—the subset of metalworking
2.1 ASTM Standards: fluids that are used for wet machining or grinding to produce
the finished part; such fluids are often characterized as straight,
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
soluble, semisynthetic, and synthetic.
Atmospheres
3.2.3.1 Discussion—Metalworking fluids addressed by this
D3195/D3195M Practice for Rotameter Calibration
test method include straight or neat oils not intended for further
D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace At-
dilution with water, and water-miscible soluble oils, semi-
mospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
synthetics, and synthetics, which are intended to be diluted
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
with water before use. Metalworking fluids become contami-
D5337 Practice for Setting and Verifying the Flow Rate of
nated during use in the workplace with a variety of workplace
substances including, but not limited to: abrasive particles,
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on
tramp oils, cleaners, dirt, metal fines and shavings, dissolved
Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
metal and hard water salts, bacteria, fungi, microbiological
E34.50 on Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
decay products, and waste. These contaminants can cause
Current edition approved March 1, 2024. Published March 2024. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D7049 – 17. DOI: changes in the lubricity and cooling ability of the metal
10.1520/D7049-24.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200
the ASTM website. Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http://www.osha.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7049 − 24
removal fluid and may have the potential to adversely affect the metal removal fluid aerosol concentration. This is an important
health and welfare of employees exposed to the contaminated consideration at low exposure limits.
metal removal fluid.
6.3 Any metal removal fluid components that are insoluble
in either extraction solvent mixture will not be measured in the
4. Summary of Test Method
extractable mass fraction.
4.1 Workplace air is drawn into a 37 mm filter cassette
6.4 The total particulate and extractable mass concentra-
containing a tared polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter for a
tions measured with this test method are subject to a negative
measured period of time. The total particulate matter concen-
bias, to the extent that semivolatile compounds are lost from
tration is calculated from the mass gain of the filter and the
the filter during sampling.
volume of air sampled.
6.4.1 Samples of workplace atmospheres in which metal
4.2 The filter is extracted with a ternary mixture of both
removal fluids containing lower viscosity petroleum fractions
nonpolar and polar solvents, a second mixture of methanol and
or volatile alkanolamines are used may be particularly subject
water, dried, and reweighed. The extractable mass concentra-
to this negative bias both during sampling and during storage
tion is calculated from the loss of mass following extraction
preceding analysis.
and the volume of air sampled.
6.5 Any insoluble materials that are lost from the filter
4.3 As a cost-control procedure, the nonspecific total par-
during the extraction process will be reported as extractable
ticulate matter concentration may be used in place of the
mass, resulting in a positive bias.
extractable mass if the total particulate concentration is accept-
able to the user of this test method.
7. Apparatus
7.1 The sampling unit consists of a sampling pump and filter
5. Significance and Use
cassette sampler connected by tubing.
5.1 This test method covers the gravimetric measurement
7.1.1 Sampling Pump, a constant-flow personal sampling
of metal removal fluid aerosol concentrations in workplace
pump capable of a flow rate of 2.0 L/min (65 %) through the
atmospheres.
filter cassette for a full work shift (8 h).
5.2 This test method provides total particulate matter con- 7.1.2 Filter Cassette, a closed-face (4 mm opening) two or
three-piece 37 mm filter cassette with filter support pad and
centrations for comparison with historical exposure databases
collected with the same technology. inlet and outlet plugs.
7.1.3 Filter, the filter shall be a 2 μm PTFE membrane filter.
5.3 This test method provides an extension to current
7.1.4 Clips or Harnesses, to provide a suitable means of
non-standardized methods by adding an extractable mass
attaching the pump and filter cassette to the worker for
concentration which reduces interferences from nonmetal re-
breathing zone sampling.
moval fluid aerosols.
7.1.5 Tubing, flexible, for connecting the sampling pump to
5.4 This test method does not address differences between
the sampler.
metal removal fluid types, but it does include extraction with a
7.2 Field Blank, a filter cassette prepared for sampling that
broad spectrum of solvent polarity to adequately remove many
has been taken to the workplace and handled in the same
of the current fluid formulations from insoluble background
5 manner as the analytical filters, but which has not had any air
aerosol.
drawn through it.
5.5 This test method does not identify or quantify any
7.3 Precision Flow Meter, for calibration of sampler flow
specific putative toxins in the workplace that can be related to
rates (for example, bubble flow meter or dry seal flow meter).
metal removal fluid aerosols or vapors.
7.4 Rotameter, calibrated in accordance with Practice
5.6 This test method does not address the loss of semivola-
D3195/D3195M for field check of sampler flow rate.
tile compounds from the filter during or after collection.
7.5 Weighing Room, with temperature and humidity control
6. Interferences
to allow weighing under reproducible environmental condi-
tions of 22 6 2 °C and 65 % relative humidity in a range of 30
6.1 The total particulate matter portion of this test method is
to 55 %.
not specific to metal removal fluid in the workplace and is
subject to positive bias by other aerosol sources.
7.6 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 60.001 mg.
6.2 The extractable mass concentration measurement im-
7.7 Antistatic Strips, of Po, <200 days old since packag-
proves the specificity of this test method by eliminating
ing.
insoluble background aerosol from the determination of the
7.8 Plane-Parallel Press, for assembling of filter cassettes.
7.9 Chemical Desiccator, with indicating CaSO desiccant,
“NIOSH Method 0500,” in NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed.
for drying of filters.
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Available
from National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy.,
Cincinnati, OH 45226.
5 6
“NIOSH Method 5524,” in NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 5th ed., See Test Method D4532, where a plane-parallel press is described (to aid in the
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam. assembly of sampling cassettes).
D7049 − 24
7.10 Filter Funnel, for solvent extraction of 37 mm filters 10.1.6 Place tape around the circumference of the cassette
using a dichloromethane, methanol, and toluene mixed solvent. (7.1.2) and affix a unique number on cassette. Place the
identification number so it remains visible when the cassette is
NOTE 1—At least two choices of filtration funnels are available: a
opened to access the filter.
37 mm aluminum funnel and 37 mm disposable polypropylene cassettes,
modified for use with this test method, with polypropylene support pads.
10.2 Assemble the sampling apparatus as shown in Fig. 2 of
7.11 Laboratory Extraction Blank, a filter that has been
Practice D5337.
subjected to the extraction procedure in the same manner as the
10.2.1 Remove filter plugs, attach prepared filter cassette
analytical filters, but which has not had any air drawn through
(7.1.2, 10.1), and turn on the sampling pump (7.1.1).
it.
10.3 Check the sampling unit for proper operation, check
for leaks, and adjust the flow rate to 2.0 L/min according to
8. Reagents
Practice D5337.
8.1 Dichloromethane, for solvent extraction of nonpolar
10.4 Install the sampling unit on the worker with the filter
compounds, analytical reagent grade with a maximum residue
cassette (7.1.2) placed in the breathing zone (7.1.4). Place the
on evaporation of 5 ppm(v).
filter cassette in a manner that prevents the entry of falling or
8.2 Methanol, for solvent extraction of polar compounds,
splashing material, but which does not restrict the inlet.
analytical reagent grade with a maximum residue on evapora-
tion of 5 ppm(v). 10.5 Record the start time and make appropriate field notes
to document the process and work practices being monitored.
8.3 Toluene, for solvent extraction of nonpolar compounds,
analytical reagent grade with a maximum residue on evapora-
10.6 Sample at 2.0 L/min for a full shift.
tion of 5 ppm(v).
10.6.1 Sampling times shorter than a full shift are permitted
under any of the following conditions:
8.4 Water, analytical reagent grade, distilled, deionized, and
10.6.1.1 The filter becomes overloaded.
filtered.
8.5 Extraction Solvent Mixtures: NOTE 2—This may be identified by discoloration of the support pad
where the fluid has broken through the filter.
8.5.1 Ternary Extraction Solvent—Prepare an extraction
solvent from equal volumes of dichloromethane, methanol, and
10.6.1.2 Specific working operations of shorter duration are
toluene
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7049 − 17 D7049 − 24 An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Metalworking Fluid Aerosol in Workplace Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the determination of both total collected particulate matter and extractable mass
metalworking fluid aerosol concentrations in the range of 0.07 to 5 mg/m in workplace atmospheres.
1.2 This test method describes a standardized means of collecting worker exposure information that can be compared to existing
exposure databases, using a test method that is also more specific to metal removal fluids.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D3195D3195/D3195M Practice for Rotameter Calibration
D4532 Test Method for Respirable Dust in Workplace Atmospheres Using Cyclone Samplers
D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody Procedures
D5337 Practice for Setting and Verifying the Flow Rate of Personal Sampling Pumps
E1542 Terminology Relating to Occupational Health and Safety
2.2 U.S. Government Regulations:
29 CFR 1910.1000 Air Contaminants
29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions: For definitions of terms relating to this test method, refer to Terminology D1356.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E34.50 on Health
and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017March 1, 2024. Published October 2017March 2024. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20102017 as
D7049D7049 – 17. – 04 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D7049-17.DOI: 10.1520/D7049-24.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http://www.osha.gov.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7049 − 24
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to this test method, refer to Terminologies D1356 and E1542.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 extractable mass, n—the amount of material removed by liquid extraction of the filter using a mixed-polarity solvent
mixture.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
This mass is an approximation of the metal removal fluid portion of the workplace aerosol.
3.2.2 filter set, n—a group of filters from the same production lot that are weighed and assembled into the filter cassettes at one
time.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
The filter set may be used for sampling on multiple days with the appropriate field blanks being submitted for each sampling day.
3.2.3 metal removal fluids, n—the subset of metalworking fluids that are used for wet machining or grinding to produce the
finished part; such fluids are often characterized as straight, soluble, semisynthetic, and synthetic.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—
Metalworking fluids addressed by this test method include straight or neat oils,oils not intended for further dilution with water, and
water-miscible soluble oils, semi-synthetics, and synthetics, which are intended to be diluted with water before use. Metalworking
fluids become contaminated during use in the workplace with a variety of workplace substances including, but not limited to,to:
abrasive particles, tramp oils, cleaners, dirt, metal fines and shavings, dissolved metal and hard water salts, bacteria, fungi,
microbiological decay products, and waste. These contaminants can cause changes in the lubricity and cooling ability of the metal
removal fluid and may have the potential to adversely affect the health and welfare of employees exposed to the contaminated metal
removal fluid.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Workplace air is drawn into a 37-mm 37 mm filter cassette containing a tared polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter for a
measured period of time. The total particulate matter concentration is calculated from the mass gain of the filter and the volume
of air sampled.
4.2 The filter is extracted with a ternary mixture of both nonpolar and polar solvents, a second mixture of methanol and water,
dried, and reweighed. The extractable mass concentration is calculated from the loss of mass following extraction and the volume
of air sampled.
4.3 As a cost-control procedure, the nonspecific total particulate matter concentration may be used in place of the extractable mass
if the total particulate concentration is acceptable to the user of this test method.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method covers the gravimetric measurement of metal removal fluid aerosol concentrations in workplace
atmospheres.
5.2 This test method provides total particulate matter concentrations for comparison with historical exposure databases collected
with the same technology.
5.3 This test method provides an extension to current non-standardized methods by adding an extractable mass concentration
which reduces interferences from nonmetal removal fluid aerosols.
5.4 This test method does not address differences between metal removal fluid types, but it does include extraction with a broad
spectrum of solvent polarity to adequately remove many of the current fluid formulations from insoluble background aerosol.
“NIOSH Method 0500,” in NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Available from National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 4676 Columbia Pkwy., Cincinnati, OH 45226.
“NIOSH Method 5524,” in NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 5th ed., http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam.
D7049 − 24
5.5 This test method does not identify or quantify any specific putative toxins in the workplace that can be related to metal removal
fluid aerosols or vapors.
5.6 This test method does not address the loss of semivolatile compounds from the filter during or after collection.
6. Interferences
6.1 The total particulate matter portion of this test method is not specific to metal removal fluid in the workplace and is subject
to positive bias by other aerosol sources.
6.2 The extractable mass concentration measurement improves the specificity of this test method by eliminating insoluble
background aerosol from the determination of the metal removal fluid aerosol concentration. This is an important consideration
at low exposure limits.
6.3 Any metal removal fluid components that are insoluble in either extraction solvent mixture will not be measured in the
extractable mass fraction.
6.4 The total particulate and extractable mass concentrations measured with this test method are subject to a negative bias, to the
extent that semivolatile compounds are lost from the filter during sampling.
6.4.1 Samples of workplace atmospheres in which metal removal fluids containing lower viscosity petroleum fractions or volatile
alkanolamines are used may be particularly subject to this negative bias both during sampling and during storage preceding
analysis.
6.5 Any insoluble materials that are lost from the filter during the extraction process will be reported as extractable mass, resulting
in a positive bias.
7. Apparatus
7.1 The sampling unit consists of a sampling pump and filter cassette sampler,sampler connected by tubing.
7.1.1 Sampling Pump, a constant-flow personal sampling pump capable of a flow rate of 2.0 L/min (65 %) through the filter
cassette for a full work shift (8 h).
7.1.2 Filter Cassette, a closed-face (4-mm opening) two- or three-piece 37-mm (4 mm opening) two or three-piece 37 mm filter
cassette with filter-support filter support pad and inlet and outlet plugs.
7.1.3 Filter, the filter shall be a 2-μm 2 μm PTFE membrane filter.
7.1.4 Clips or harnesses,Harnesses, to provide a suitable means of attaching the pump and filter cassette to the worker for
breathing zone sampling.
7.1.5 Tubing, flexible, for connecting the sampling pump to the sampler.
7.2 Field Blank, a filter cassette prepared for sampling that has been taken to the workplace and handled in the same manner as
the analytical filters, but which has not had any air drawn through it.
7.3 Precision Flow Meter, for calibration of sampler flow rates (for example, bubble flow meter,meter or dry seal flow meter).
7.4 Rotameter, calibrated in accordance with Practice D3195D3195/D3195M for field check of sampler flow rate.
7.5 Weighing Room, with temperature and humidity control to allow weighing under reproducible environmental conditions of 22
6 2°C2 °C and 65 % relative humidity in a range of 30 to 55 %.
D7049 − 24
7.6 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 60.001 mg.
7.7 Antistatic Strips, of Po, < 200 <200 days old since packaging.
7.8 Plane-Parallel Press, for assembling of filter cassettes.
7.9 Chemical Desiccator, with indicating CaSO desiccant, for drying of filters.
7.10 Filter Funnel, for solvent extraction of 37-mm 37 mm filters using a dichloromethane, methanol, and toluene mixed solvent.
NOTE 1—At least two choices of filtration funnels are available: a 37-mm37 mm aluminum funnel and 37-mm 37 mm disposable polypropylene cassettes,
modified for use with this test method, with polypropylene support pads.
7.11 Laboratory Extraction Blank, a filter that has been subjected to the extraction procedure in the same manner as the analytical
filters, but which has not had any air drawn through it.
8. Reagents
8.1 Dichloromethane, for solvent extraction of nonpolar compounds, analytical reagent grade with a maximum residue on
evaporation of 5 ppm(v).
8.2 Methanol, for solvent extraction of polar compounds, analytical reagent grade with a maximum residue on evaporation of 5
ppm(v).
8.3 Toluene, for solvent extraction of nonpolar compounds, analytical reagent grade with a maximum residue on evaporation of
5 ppm(v).
8.4 Water, analytical reagent grade, distilled, deionized, and filtered.
8.5 Extraction Solvent Mixtures:
8.5.1 Ternary Extraction Solvent—Prepare an extraction solvent from equal volumes of dichloromethane, methanol, and toluene.
8.5.2 Methanol/Water Solvent—Prepare a second extraction solvent from equal volumes of methanol (8.2) and water (8.4).
9. Hazards
9.1 The dichloromethane used as a nonpolar extraction solvent could pose a carcinogenic hazard in the laboratory.
9.2 Perform all operations involving extraction in a chemical fume hood.
9.3 Follow good laboratory procedures for worker protection and waste disposal (see for example 29 CFR 1910.1000 and 29 CFR
1910.1450).
10. Sampling
10.1 Preparation of Filter Cassettes:
10.1.1 Desiccate the filters (7.1.3) over CaSO (7.9) for no more than 2 h.
See Test Method D4532, where a plane-parallel press is described (to aid in the assembly of sampling cassettes).
Harper, M., “A Simplified Procedure for the Extraction of Metalworking Fluid Samples in Accordance with Provisional ASTM/NIOSH Methods,” American Industrial
Hygiene Association Journal, Vol 63, 2002, pp. 488–492.
D7049 − 24
10.1.2 Equilibrate or condition the filters in the weighing room (7.5) for a minimum of 2 h.
10.1.3 Place each filter under a Po antistatic strip (7.7). Place a second antistatic strip in the balance (7.6) weighing chamber,
if possible.
10.1.4 Weigh the PTFE filters (7.1.3) and record the mass to the nearest 0.001 mg (m ).
10.1.5 Place the tared filter and filter support
...