ASTM C29/C29M-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids in Aggregate
Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids in Aggregate
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is often used to determine bulk density values that are necessary for use for many methods of selecting proportions for concrete mixtures.
The bulk density also may be used for determining mass/volume relationships for conversions in purchase agreements. However, the relationship between degree of compaction of aggregates in a hauling unit or stockpile and that achieved in this test method is unknown. Further, aggregates in hauling units and stockpiles usually contain absorbed and surface moisture (the latter affecting bulking), while this test method determines the bulk density on a dry basis.
A procedure is included for computing the percentage of voids between the aggregate particles based on the bulk density determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition, and calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.
Note 1—Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume (more correctly, mass per unit volume or density).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a specification with which this test method is used. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C29/C29M − 09 AmericanAssociation of State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T19/T19M
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C29/C29M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* C127Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk
C128Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose
Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
condition, and calculated voids between particles in fine,
C138/C138MTest Method for Density (UnitWeight),Yield,
coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination.
and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125
C670Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
NOTE1—Unitweightisthetraditionalterminologyusedtodescribethe
C702PracticeforReducingSamplesofAggregatetoTesting
property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume
Size
(more correctly, mass per unit volume or density).
D75Practice for Sampling Aggregates
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
specificationwithwhichthistestmethodisused.Anexception
Sieves
is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification
T19/T19M Method of Test for Unit Weight and Voids in
E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. 3
Aggregate
Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
3. Terminology
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
conformance with the standard.
nology C125 unless otherwise indicated.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 bulk density, n—of aggregate,themassofaunitvolume
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of bulk aggregate material, in which the volume includes the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
volume of the individual particles and the volume of the voids
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
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between the particles. Expressed in kg/m [lb/ft ].
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.3 unit weight, n—weight (mass) per unit volume. (Depre-
cated term used–preferred term bulk density.)
2. Referenced Documents
3.3.1 Discussion—Weight is equal to the mass of the body
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity. Weight may be
C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
expressed in absolute units (newtons, poundals) or in gravita-
gregates
tional units (kgf, lbf), for example: on the surface of the earth,
a body with a mass of 1 kg has a weight of 1 kgf (approxi-
mately 9.81 N), or a body with a mass of 1 lb has a weight of
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on 1 lbf (approximately 4.45 N or 32.2 poundals). Since weight is
Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
equal to mass times the acceleration due to gravity, the weight
C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.
of a body will vary with the location where the weight is
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally
determined, while the mass of the body remains constant. On
approvedin1920.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asC29/C29M–07.DOI:
10.1520/C0029_C0029M-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
the ASTM website. http://www.transportation.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
American Association of State
Designation:C29/C29M–07 Designation:C29/C29M–09 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T19/T19M
Standard Test Method for
1
Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C29/C29M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition,
and calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. This test method is
applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.
NOTE 1—Unitweightisthetraditionalterminologyusedtodescribethepropertydeterminedbythistestmethod,whichisweightperunitvolume(more
correctly, mass per unit volume or density).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a
specificationwithwhichthistestmethodisused.Anexceptioniswithregardtosievesizesandnominalsizeofaggregate,inwhich
the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without
combining values in any way. .Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system may not
beexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmay
result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
C128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing Size
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
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T19/T19M Method of Test for Unit Weight and Voids in Aggregate
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Terminology C125 unless otherwise indicated.
3.1.1 bulk density, n— of aggregate, the mass of a unit volume of bulk aggregate material, in which the volume includes the
3 3
volume of the individual particles and the volume of the voids between the particles. Expressed in kg/m [lb/ft ].
3.1.2 unit weight, n—weight (mass) per unit volume. (Deprecated term used–preferred term bulk density.)
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 on
Normal Weight Aggregates.
Current edition approvedAug.Dec. 1, 2007.2009. Published September 2007.January 2010. Originally approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 20032007 as
C29/C29M–97(2003).C29/C29M–07. DOI: 10.1520/C0029_C0029M-079.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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