ASTM D381-04e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
Standard Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the existent gum content of aviation fuels, and the gum content of motor gasolines or other volatile distillates in their finished form, (including those containing alcohol and ether type oxygenates and deposit control additives) at the time of test.
1.2 Provisions are made for the determination of the heptane insoluble portion of the residue of non-aviation fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The accepted SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa); the accepted SI unit for temperature is degrees Celsius.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.4, 7.4, and 9.1.
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An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D381–04
Standard Test Method for
1
Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—IP 131 is no longer technically equivalent to this test method, and the IP designation was removed editorially in
November 2007.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheexistent 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
gum content of aviation fuels, and the gum content of motor 3.1.1 existent gum—the evaporation residue of aviation
gasolines or other volatile distillates in their finished form, fuels, without any further treatment.
(including those containing alcohol and ether type oxygenates 3.2 For non-aviation fuels, the following definitions apply.
and deposit control additives) at the time of test. 3.3 solvent washed gum content—the residue remaining
1.2 Provisionsaremadeforthedeterminationoftheheptane when the evaporation residue (see 3.4) has been washed with
insoluble portion of the residue of non-aviation fuels. heptane and the washings discarded.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 3.3.1 Discussion—For motor gasoline or non-aviation gaso-
standard. The accepted SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa); line, solvent washed gum content was previously referred to as
the accepted SI unit for temperature is degrees Celsius. existent gum.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.4 unwashed gum content—the evaporation residue of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the product or component under test, without any further treat-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- ment.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
4.1 A measured quantity of fuel is evaporated under con-
warning statements, see 6.4, 7.4, and 9.1.
trolled conditions of temperature and flow of air or steam. For
2. Referenced Documents
aviation gasoline and aviation turbine fuel, the resulting
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: residue is weighed and reported as milligrams per 100 mL. For
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and motor gasoline, the residue is weighed before and after
Petroleum Products extracting with heptane and the results reported as milligrams
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers per 100 mL.
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
5. Significance and Use
Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 Energy Institute Standard: 5.1 The true significance of this test method for determining
gum in motor gasoline is not firmly established. It has been
IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum
3
Products proved that high gum can cause induction-system deposits and
sticking of intake valves, and in most instances, it can be
assumed that low gum will ensure absence of induction-system
1
difficulties. The user should, however, realize that the test
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
method is not of itself correlative to induction-system deposits.
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
The primary purpose of the test method, as applied to motor
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
gasoline, is the measurement of the oxidation products formed
approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 381– 03.
2
in the sample prior to or during the comparatively mild
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
conditions of the test procedure. Since many motor gasolines
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
are purposely blended with nonvolatile oils or additives, the
the ASTM website.
3 heptane extraction step is necessary to remove these from the
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,
U.K. evaporation residue so that the deleterious material, gum, may
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D381–0
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D381–03
e1
Designation: 131/99 Designation:D381–04
Standard Test Method for
1
Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evaporation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—IP 131 is no longer technically equivalent to this test method, and the IP designation was removed editorially in
November 2007.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the existent gum content of aviation fuels, and the gum content of motor
gasolines or other volatile distillates in their finished form, (including those containing alcohol and ether type oxygenates and
deposit control additives) at the time of test.
1.2 Provisions are made for the determination of the heptane insoluble portion of the residue of non-aviation fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The accepted SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa); the
accepted SI unit for temperature is degrees Celsius.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazardwarning statements, see 6.4, 7.4, and 9.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.2 IP Standard: Energy Institute Standard:
3
IP Standard Methods for Analysis and Testing of Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 existent gum—the evaporation residue of aviation fuels, without any further treatment.
3.2 For non-aviation fuels, the following definitions apply.
3.3 solvent washed gum content—the residue remaining when the evaporation residue (see 3.4) has been washed with heptane
and the washings discarded.
3.3.1 Discussion—For motor gasoline or non-aviation gasoline, solvent washed gum content was previously referred to as
existent gum.
3.4 unwashed gum content—the evaporation residue of the product or component under test, without any further treatment.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.14 on
Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D381– 01.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was issued as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1965.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally approved in 1934. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 381– 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 05.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
3
Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR, U.K.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D381–04
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Ameasured quantity of fuel is evaporated under controlled conditions of temperature and flow of air or steam. For aviation
gasoline and aviation turbine fuel, the resulting residue is weighed and reported as milligrams per 100 mL. For motor gasoline,
the residue is weighed before and after extracting with heptane and the results reported as milligrams per 100 mL.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The true significance of this test method for determining gum in motor gasoline is not firmly established. It has been proved
that high gum can cause induct
...
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