ASTM D5283-92(2003)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
Standard Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assurance and Quality Control Planning and Implementation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Environmental data are often required for making regulatory and programmatic decisions. These data must be of known quality commensurate with their intended use.
Data generation efforts involve the following: establishment of the DQOs; design of the project plan to meet the DQOs; implementation of the project plan; and assessment of the data to determine whether the DQOs have been met.
Certain minimal criteria must be met by the field and laboratory organizations generating environmental data. Additional activities may be required based on the DQOs of the data collection effort.
This practice defines the criteria for field and laboratory organizations generating environmental data and identifies some other activities that may be required based on the DQOs.
This practice emphasizes the importance of communication among those involved in establishing DQOs, planning and implementing the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities, and assessing data quality.
Environmental field operations are discussed in Section 7, and environmental laboratory operations are discussed in Section 8.
SCOPE
1.1 Environmental data generation efforts are composed of four parts: (1) establishment of data quality objectives (DQOs); (2) design of field measurement and sampling strategies and specification of laboratory analyses and data acceptance criteria; (3) implementation of sampling and analysis strategies; and (4) data quality assessment. This practice addresses the planning and implementation of the sampling and analysis aspects of environmental data generation activities (Parts (1) and (2) above).
1.2 This practice defines the criteria that must be considered to assure the quality of the field and analytical aspects of environmental data generation activities. Environmental data include, but are not limited to, the results from analyses of samples of air, soil, water, biota, waste, or any combinations thereof.
1.3 DQOs should be adopted prior to application of this practice. Data generated in accordance with this practice are subject to a final assessment to determine whether the DQOs were met. For example, many screening activities do not require all of the mandatory quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) steps found in this practice to generate data adequate to meet the project DQOs. The extent to which all of the requirements must be met remains a matter of technical judgement as it relates to the established DQOs.
1.4 This practice presents extensive management requirements designed to ensure high-quality environmental data. The words "must," "shall," "may," and "should" have been selected carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the statements made in this practice.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note1—A complete table of contents of this practice is given in .
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5283–92(Reapproved 2003)
Standard Practice for
Generation of Environmental Data Related to Waste
Management Activities: Quality Assurance and Quality
Control Planning and Implementation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5283; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 Environmental data generation efforts are composed of
fourparts:(1)establishmentofdataqualityobjectives(DQOs);
NOTE 1—A complete table of contents of this practice is given in
(2) design of field measurement and sampling strategies and
Appendix X1.
specification of laboratory analyses and data acceptance crite-
2. Referenced Documents
ria;(3)implementationofsamplingandanalysisstrategies;and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(4) data quality assessment. This practice addresses the plan-
ning and implementation of the sampling and analysis aspects D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
E 1187 Terminology Relating to Conformity Assessment
of environmental data generation activities (Parts (1) and (2)
above). 2.2 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Documents:
SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Vol 1,
1.2 This practice defines the criteria that must be considered
to assure the quality of the field and analytical aspects of Third Edition (NTIS No. PB88239223/LL), November
environmental data generation activities. Environmental data
include, but are not limited to, the results from analyses of QAMS-005/80 (NTIS No. PB83170514/LL), Interim
Guidelines and Specifications for Preparing Quality As-
samples of air, soil, water, biota, waste, or any combinations
thereof. surance Project Plans, Office of Monitoring Systems and
Quality Assurance, December 29, 1980
1.3 DQOs should be adopted prior to application of this
practice. Data generated in accordance with this practice are EPA/QAMS, Development of Data Quality Objectives, De-
subject to a final assessment to determine whether the DQOs scription of Stages I and II, July 16, 1986
QAMS 004/80 (NTIS No. PB83219667/LL), Guidelines
were met. For example, many screening activities do not
requireallofthemandatoryqualityassurance(QA)andquality and Specifications for Preparing Quality Assurance Pro-
gram Plans, Office of Monitoring Systems and Quality
control (QC) steps found in this practice to generate data
adequate to meet the project DQOs. The extent to which all of Assurance, September 20, 1980
2.3 Other documents related to the subject matter of this
the requirements must be met remains a matter of technical
judgement as it relates to the established DQOs. practice are cited in Appendix X2. This list is not intended to
be comprehensive.
1.4 This practice presents extensive management require-
ments designed to ensure high-quality environmental data.The
words“must,”“shall,”“may,”and“should”havebeenselected
3. Terminology
carefully to reflect the importance placed on many of the
3.1 Definitions—The terms most applicable to this practice
statements made in this practice.
have been defined in Terminologies D 1129 and E 1187.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.01 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Sampling. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 5286 – 92 (1997). Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5283–92 (2003)
3.2.1 background sample—a sample taken from a location 3.2.15 project planning documents—all documents related
on or proximate to the site of interest and used to document to the definition of the environmental data collection activities
baseline or historical information. associated with a project.
3.2.2 collocated samples—independent samples collected 3.2.16 qualityassuranceprogramplan(QAPP)—anorderly
assemblageofmanagementpolicies,objectives,principles,and
as close as possible to the same point in space and time and
intended to be identical. general procedures by which an organization involved in
environmentaldatagenerationactivitiesoutlineshowitintends
3.2.3 data quality objectives (DQOs)—statements on the
to produce data of known quality.
level of uncertainty that a decision maker is willing to accept
3.2.17 quality assurance project plan (QAPjP)—an orderly
in the results derived from environmental data (see EPA/
assemblage of detailed procedures designed to produce data of
QAMS, July 16, 1986).
sufficient quality to meet the DQOs for a specific data
3.2.4 environmental data generation activity— tasks asso-
collection activity.
ciated with the production of environmental data, including
3.2.18 reference material—a material containing known
planning, sampling, and analysis.
quantities of target analytes in either solution or a homoge-
3.2.5 equipment rinsate (equipment blank)—a sample of
neous matrix and used to document the bias of the analytical
analyte-free media that has been used to rinse the sampling
process.
equipment. This blank is collected after the completion of
3.2.19 split samples—aliquots of sample taken from the
decontamination and prior to sampling and is useful for
same container and analyzed independently. These are usually
documenting the adequate decontamination of sampling equip-
taken after mixing or compositing and are used to document
ment.
intra- or interlaboratory precision.
3.2.6 field blank—a sample of analyte-free media similar to
3.2.20 standard addition—the practice of adding a known
the sample matrix that is transferred from one vessel to another
amountofananalytetoasampleimmediatelypriortoanalysis,
or exposed to the sampling environment at the sampling site.
typically used to evaluate matrix effects.
This blank is preserved and processed in the same manner as
3.2.21 standard operating procedures (SOPs)—the estab-
the associated samples and is used to document contamination
lished written procedures of a given organization. Special
in the sampling and analysis process.
project plans may require procedures different from the estab-
3.2.7 field duplicates—collocated samples that are analyzed
lished SOPs.
independently and are useful in documenting the precision of
3.2.22 surrogate—an organic compound that is similar to
the sampling and analytical process.
the target analyte(s) in chemical composition and behavior in
3.2.8 laboratory control sample—a known matrix spiked
the analytical process, but is not normally found in environ-
with compound(s) representative of the target analytes and
mental samples.
used to document laboratory performance.
3.2.23 trip blank—a sample of analyte-free media taken
3.2.9 material blank—a sample composed of construction
from the laboratory (or appropriate point of origin) to the
materials such as those used in well installation, well develop-
sampling site and returned to the laboratory unopened. A trip
ment, pump and flow testing, and slurry wall construction.
blank is used to document the contamination attributable to
Examples of these materials are bentonite, sand, drilling fluids,
shipping and field handling procedures and is also useful in
and source and purge water. This blank documents the con-
documenting the contamination of volatile organics samples.
tamination resulting from use of the construction materials.
3.2.10 matrix duplicate—an intralaboratory split sample
4. Summary of Practice
used to document the precision of a procedure in a given
sample matrix. 4.1 Thispracticedescribesthecriteriaandactivitiesforfield
and laboratory organizations involved in generating environ-
3.2.11 matrix spike—an aliquot of sample spiked with a
mental data in terms of human and physical resources, QAand
known concentration of target analyte(s) and used to document
QCprocedures,anddocumentationrequirementsdependingon
the bias of an analytical process in a given sample matrix. The
the DQOs.
spiking occurs prior to sample preparation and analysis.
3.2.12 matrix spike duplicates—intralaboratory split
5. Significance and Use
samples spiked with identical concentrations of target ana-
lyte(s) and used to document the precision and bias of a
5.1 Environmental data are often required for making regu-
procedureinagivensamplematrix.Thespikingoccurspriorto
latory and programmatic decisions. These data must be of
sample preparation and analysis.
known quality commensurate with their intended use.
3.2.13 method blank—an analyte-free media, to which all
5.2 Data generation efforts involve the following: establish-
reagents are added in the same volumes or proportions used in ment of the DQOs; design of the project plan to meet the
sample processing. The method blank must be carried through DQOs; implementation of the project plan; and assessment of
the complete sample preparation and analytical procedure and
the data to determine whether the DQOs have been met.
is used to document contamination resulting from the analyti-
5.3 Certain minimal criteria must be met by the field and
cal process.
laboratory organizations generating environmental data. Addi-
3.2.14 project—single or multiple data collection activities tionalactivitiesmayberequiredbasedontheDQOsofthedata
that are related through the same planning sequence. collection effort.
D5283–92 (2003)
5.4 This practice defines the criteria for field and laboratory control samples, laboratory blanks, matrix spikes, matrix
organizations generating environmental data and identifies duplicates, and matrix spike duplicates, shall be specified.Any
some other activities that may be required based on the DQOs. specific performance criteria shall be specified. Data validation
5.5 This practice emphasizes the importance of communi- criteria shall be defined.
cation among those involved in establishing DQOs, planning
6.4 Project Documentation—All documents required for
and implementing the sampling and analysis aspects of envi-
planning, implementing, and evaluating the data collection
ronmentaldatagenerationactivities,andassessingdataquality.
effort shall be specified. These may include, although not
5.6 Environmental field operations are discussed in Section
limited to, a statement of work, technical and cost proposals,
7, and environmental laboratory operations are discussed in
work plan, sampling and analysis plan, quality assurance
Section 8.
project plan (QAPjP), health and safety plan, community
relations plan, documents required by regulatory agencies,
6. Project Specification
requirements for raw field and analytical records, technical
reports assessing the environmental data, and records retention
6.1 Project activities should be defined prior to the start of
policy. Planning documents shall specify the required level of
any field or laboratory activities. At a minimum, project
document control and identify the personnel having access.
specifications should address the following topics:
Document formats that may be required to ensure that all data
6.2 Data Quality Objectives—DQOs for the data generation
needs are satisfied shall be specified. In addition, a project
activity should be defined prior to the initiation of field and
schedule that identifies critical milestones and completion
laboratory work. It is desirable that the field and laboratory
dates should be available.
organizations be aware of the DQOs so that the personnel
conducting the work are able to make informed decisions
7. Standard Practices for Environmental Field
during the course of the project.
Operations
6.3 Project Plan— The project should be designed to meet
the DQOs, and the project plan should define the following:
7.1 Purpose—The field organization must conduct its op-
6.3.1 Project Objectives—Project objectives provide back-
erations in such a manner as to provide reliable information
ground information, state reasons for the data collection effort,
that meets the DQOs. To achieve this goal, certain minimum
identify any regulatory programs governing data collection,
policies and procedures must be implemented in order to meet
define specific objectives for each sampling location, and
the DQOs.
describe the intended uses for the data.
7.2 Organization—The field organization shall be struc-
6.3.2 ProjectManagement—Aperson(s)shallbedesignated
tured such that each member of the organization has a clear
as having responsibility and authority for the following: (1)
understanding of his or her duties and responsibilities and the
developing project documents that implement the DQOs; (2)
relationship of those responsibilities to the total effort. The
selecting field and laboratory organizations to conduct the
organizational structure, functional responsibilities, levels of
work; (3) coordinating communication among the field and
authority, job descriptions, and lines of communication for
laboratoryorganizationsandgovernmentagencies,asrequired;
activities shall be established and documented. One person
and (4) reviewing and assessing the final data.
may cover more than one organizational function.
6.3.3 Sampling Requirements—Sampling locations, equip-
7.2.1 Management—The management of the field organiza-
ment, and procedures and sample preservation and handling
tion is responsible for establishing organizational, operational,
requirements shall be specified.
health and safety, and QA policies. Management shall ensure
6.3.4 Analytical Requirements—The analytical procedures,
that the following requirements are met: (1) the appropriate
analyte list, required detection limits, and required precision
methodologies are followed, as documented in the standard
andbiasvaluesshallbespecified.Regulatoryrequirementsand
operating procedures (SOPs); (2) personnel clearly understand
DQOs shall be considered when developing the specifications.
their duties and responsibilities; (3) each staff member has
NOTE 2—
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.