ASTM D5931-96(2007)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital Density Meter
Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital Density Meter
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Density is a fundamental physical property that can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize engine coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants.
Determination of the density or relative density of these products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperature of 20°C (68°F).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density or relative density of engine coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants.
1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell cannot be established with certainty.
1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per milliliter or kilograms per cubic meter.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 0.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D5931 − 96(Reapproved 2007)
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density of Engine Coolant
Concentrates and Aqueous Engine Coolants by Digital
Density Meter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5931; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope caused by the change in the mass of the tube is used in
conjunction with calibration data to determine the density of
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthedensity
the sample.
or relative density of engine coolant concentrates and aqueous
engine coolants.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 This test method should not be applied to samples so
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that can be
dark in color that the absence of air bubbles in the sample cell
usedinconjunctionwithotherpropertiestocharacterizeengine
cannot be established with certainty.
coolant concentrates and aqueous engine coolants.
1.3 The accepted units of measure for density are grams per
5.2 Determination of the density or relative density of these
milliliter or kilograms per cubic meter.
products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to volumes at the standard temperature of 20°C (68°F).
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
6. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6.1 Digital Density Analyzer, consisting of a U-shaped,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
oscillating sample tube and a system for electronic excitation,
statements, see Note 1.
frequency counting, and display.The analyzer must accommo-
2. Referenced Documents date the accurate measurement of the sample temperature
duringmeasurementormustcontrolthesampletemperatureas
2.1 ASTM Standards:
described in 6.2. The instrument must meet the precision
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
requirements described in this test method.
D4052Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter 6.2 Circulating Constant—Temperature Bath, (optional) ca-
pable of maintaining the temperature of the circulating liquid
3. Terminology
constant to 60.05°C in the desired range. Temperature control
can be maintained as part of the density analyzer instrument
3.1 Definitions:
package.
3.1.1 relative density, n—the ratio of the density of a
material at a stated temperature to the density of water at the
6.3 Syringes, at least 2 mL in volume with a tip or an
same stated temperature.
adapter tip that will fit the opening of the oscillating tube.
4. Summary of Test Method 6.4 Flow-Through or Pressure Adapter, for use as an alter-
native means of introducing the sample into the density
4.1 A small volume of liquid sample is introduced into an
analyzer either by a pump or by vacuum.
oscillatingsampletube,andthechangeinoscillatingfrequency
6.5 Thermometer, calibrated and graduated to 0.1°C, with a
1 thermometer holder that can be attached to the instrument for
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D15 on Engine
Coolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee setting and observing the test temperature. In calibrating the
D15.03 on Physical Properties.
thermometer, the freeze point should be estimated to the
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originally
nearest 0.05°C.
approvedin1996.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2002asD5931–96(2002)DOI:
10.1520/D5931-96R07.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 7. Reagents and Materials
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Use reagent grade chemicals in all
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. tests. Unless otherwise indicated, all reagents shall conform to
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5931 − 96 (2007)
the specifications of the Committee onAnalytical Reagents of does not have to be completely full as long as the liquid
theAmerican Chemical Society, where such specifications are meniscus is beyond the suspension point.Allow the display to
available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first reach a steady reading and record the T-value for water.
ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to 9.2.4 Record the density of air at the temperature and
permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi- atmospheric pressure of the test. Calculate the density of air at
nation. the temperature of test using the following equation:
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references d , g/mL 50.001293@273.15/T#@P/760# (1)
a
to water mean reagent water as defined by Type II of
Specification D1193.
where:
7.3 Water, redistilled, freshly boiled and cooled reagent
T = temperature, degrees Kelvin, K, and
water for use as a primary calibration standard.
P = barometric pressure, torr.
7.4 Acetone, for flushing and drying the sample tube.
9.2.5 Determine the density of water at the temperature of
test by reference to Table 1.
NOTE 1—Warning: Acetone is extremely flammable.
9.2.6 Using the observed T-values and the reference values
7.5 Dry Air, for drying the oscillator tube.
for water and air, calculate the values of the constants A and B
using the following equations:
8. Preparation of Apparatus
2 2
A 5 @T 2 T #/@d 2 d # (2)
w a w a
8.1 Set up the density analyzer and constant temperature
B 5 T 2 ~A 3d ! (3)
bath following the manufacturer’s instructions.Adjust the bath
a a
orinternaltemperaturecontrolsothatthedesiredtesttempera-
where:
ture is established and maintained in the sample compartment
T = observedperiodofoscillationforcellcontainingwater,
w
of the analyzer. Calibrate the instrument at the same tempera-
ture at which the density of the sample is to be measured.
T = observed period of oscillation for cell containing air,
a
NOTE 2—Precise setting and control of the test temperature in the d = density of water at test temperature, °C, and
w
sample tube is extremely important. An error of 1.0°C can result in a
d = density of air at test temperature,° C.
a
change in density of one in the third decimal place.
Alternatively, use the T and d values for the other reference
liquid if one is used.
9. Calibration of Apparatus
9.2.7 If the instrument is equipped to calculate density from
9.1 Calibrate the instrument when first set up and whenever
the constants A and B and the observed T-value from the
thetesttemperatureischanged.Thereafter,conductcalibration
sample, enter the constants in the instrument memory in
checks at weekly intervals during routine operation.
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
9.2 Initial calibration, or calibration after a change in test
9.2.8 Checkthecalibrationandadjustifneededbyperform-
temperature, necessitates calculation of the values of the
ing the routine calibration check described in 9.3.
constants A and B from the periods of oscillation (T) observed
9.2.9 To calibrate the instrument to display relative density,
whenthesamplecellcontainsairandredistilled,freshlyboiled
thatis,thedensityofthesampleatagiventemperaturerelative
and cooled reagent water.
to the density of water at the same temperature, follow
9.2.1 While monitoring the oscillator period, (T), flush the
9.2.1-9.2.7, but substitute 1.000 for d in performing the
w
sample tube with distilled water followed by an acetone flush
calculations described in 9.2.6.
and drying with dry air. Contaminated or humid air can affect
9.3 Weeklycalibrationadjustmentstoconstants Aand Bcan
the calibration. When these conditions exist in the laboratory,
be made if required without repeating the calculation proce-
pass the air used for calibration through a suitable purification
dure.
and drying train. In addition, the inlet and outlet ports for the
U-tubemustbepluggedduringmeasurementofthecalibration
A
air to prevent ingress of moist air. TABLE 1 Density of Water
9.2.2 Allow the dry air in the U-tube to come to thermal Temper- Temper- Temper-
Density, Density, Density,
ature, ature, ature,
equilibrium with the test temperature and record the T-value
g/mL g/mL g/mL
°C °C °C
for air.
0 0.99987 21 0.99802 40 0.99224
9.2.3 Introduce a small volume of re
...
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