ASTM D7712-11e1
(Terminology)Standard Terminology for Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos
Standard Terminology for Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard is a collective vocabulary relating to sampling and analysis of asbestos. As a convenience to general interest, it contains most of the standard terms, definitions, and nomenclature under the jurisdiction of Committee D22.
1.2 Many of the entries in this terminology are copied (with attribution) from the standards of origin referenced in Section 2. The standards of origin are noted in bold type at the right margin of the applicable definition.
1.3 Certain terms in the common language that comprise multiple concepts are included herein with the definition specific to standards and practices of Committee D22.
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´1
Designation: D7712 − 11
Standard Terminology for
1
Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7712; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to 1.3 in October 2016.
1. Scope Phase Contrast Microscopy and Transmission Electron
Microscopy
1.1 This terminology standard is a collective vocabulary
D7201 Practice for Sampling and CountingAirborne Fibers,
relatingtosamplingandanalysisofasbestos.Asaconvenience
Including Asbestos Fibers, in the Workplace, by Phase
to general interest, it contains most of the standard terms,
Contrast Microscopy (with an Option of Transmission
definitions, and nomenclature under the jurisdiction of Com-
Electron Microscopy)
mittee D22.
D7390 Guide for Evaluating Asbestos in Dust on Surfaces
1.2 Many of the entries in this terminology are copied (with
by Comparison Between Two Environments
attribution) from the standards of origin referenced in Section
2.2 Government Standards:
2. The standards of origin are noted in bold type at the right
USGS Open-File Report 02-458 Tabulation of Asbestos-
margin of the applicable definition.
Related Terminology
1.3 Certain terms in the common language that comprise
3. Terminology
multiple concepts are included herein with the definition
specific to standards and practices of Committee D22.
acicular,adj—theshapeshownbyanextremelyslendercrystal
with cross-sectional dimensions that are small relative to its
2. Referenced Documents
length, that is, needle-like. D6281
2.1 ASTM Standards:
actinolite asbestos, n—asbestiform variety of the monoclinic
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
amphibole silicate minerals of the tremolite-actinolite series.
Atmospheres
D2946
D2946 Terminology for Asbestos and Asbestos–Cement
Products
activity generated aerosol, n—a dispersion of particles in air
D5755 TestMethodforMicrovacuumSamplingandIndirect
that have become airborne due to physical disturbances such
Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy
as human activity, sweeping, airflow, etc. D7390
for Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loading
amosite, n—the acronym assigned to grunerite asbestos, and
D5756 TestMethodforMicrovacuumSamplingandIndirect
derived from the name of the first developers of a major
Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy
deposit of this mineral. D2946
for Asbestos Mass Surface Loading
D6281 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in
amphibole, n—a group of more than 60 different silicate
Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by
minerals with similar crystal structures and complex com-
TransmissionElectronMicroscopyDirectTransfer(TEM)
positions that conform to the nominal formula:
D6480 Test Method forWipe Sampling of Surfaces, Indirect
A B C T O ~OH,F,Cl!
021 2 5 8 22
Preparation, and Analysis for Asbestos Structure Number 2
Surface Loading by Transmission Electron Microscopy
where:
D6620 Practice for Asbestos Detection Limit Based on
A = K, Na, Ca;
Counts 2+
B =Fe , Mn, Mg, Ca, Na;
3+ 2+
D7200 Practice for Sampling and CountingAirborne Fibers,
C = Al, Cr, Ti, Fe , Mg, Fe ;and
3+
Including Asbestos Fibers, in Mines and Quarries, by
Mn and T = Si, Al, Cr, Fe ,Ti.
In some varieties of amphibole, these elements can be
1
This terminology standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22
partially substituted by Li, Pb, Zn, Be, Ba, or Ni. Amphiboles
onAirQualityandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD22.07onSampling
are characterized by a complex monoclinic or orthorhombic
and Analysis of Asbestos.
structure that includes a double chain of T-O tetrahedra with a
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. DOI:10.1520/
D7712-11E01. T:O ratio of approximately 4:11; a variable morphology that
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7712 − 11
ranges from columnar to prismatic to acicular to fibrous; and , adj—a specific type of fibrous mineral growth habit in
good prismatic cleavage at angles of about 56 and 124°. The which the fibers and fibrils exhibit a polyfilamentous growth
cleavagemaynotbereadilyexhibitedbysmallcrystalsthatare habit and possess high tensile strength and flexibility. All
bound by irregular growth and fracture surfaces. D6281 materials regulated as asbestos are asbestiform, but not all
asbestiform minerals are classified as asbestos. Characteristics
amphibole asbestos, n—asbestiform amphibole silicate min-
such as tensile st
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7712 − 11 D7712 − 11
Standard Terminology for
1
Sampling and Analysis of Asbestos
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7712; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to 1.3 in October 2016.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard is a collective vocabulary relating to sampling and analysis of asbestos. As a convenience to
general interest, it contains most of the standard terms, definitions, and nomenclature under the jurisdiction of Committee D22.
1.2 Many of the entries in this terminology are copied (with attribution) from the standards of origin referenced in Section 2.
The standards of origin are noted in bold type at the right margin of the applicable definition.
1.3 Certain terms in the common language that comprise multiple concepts are included herein with the definition specific to
standards and practices of Committee D22. Alternative definitions for starred terms may be found in the USGS Tabulation of
Asbestos-Related Terminology, Open-File Report 02-458.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
D2946 Terminology for Asbestos and Asbestos–Cement Products
D5755 Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for
Asbestos Structure Number Surface Loading
D5756 Test Method for Microvacuum Sampling and Indirect Analysis of Dust by Transmission Electron Microscopy for
Asbestos Mass Surface Loading
D6281 Test Method for Airborne Asbestos Concentration in Ambient and Indoor Atmospheres as Determined by Transmission
Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM)
D6480 Test Method for Wipe Sampling of Surfaces, Indirect Preparation, and Analysis for Asbestos Structure Number Surface
Loading by Transmission Electron Microscopy
D6620 Practice for Asbestos Detection Limit Based on Counts
D7200 Practice for Sampling and Counting Airborne Fibers, Including Asbestos Fibers, in Mines and Quarries, by Phase
Contrast Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy
D7201 Practice for Sampling and Counting Airborne Fibers, Including Asbestos Fibers, in the Workplace, by Phase Contrast
Microscopy (with an Option of Transmission Electron Microscopy)
D7390 Guide for Evaluating Asbestos in Dust on Surfaces by Comparison Between Two Environments
2.2 Government Standards:
USGS Open-File Report 02-458 Tabulation of Asbestos-Related Terminology
3. Terminology
acicular, adj—the shape shown by an extremely slender crystal with cross-sectional dimensions that are small relative to its length,
that is, needle-like. D6281
actinolite asbestos, n—asbestiform variety of the monoclinic amphibole silicate minerals of the tremolite-actinolite series. D2946
activity generated aerosol, n—a dispersion of particles in air that have become airborne due to physical disturbances such as
human activity, sweeping, airflow, etc. D7390
1
This terminology standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.07 on Sampling and
Analysis of Asbestos.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. DOI:10.1520/D7712-11.DOI:10.1520/D7712-11E01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7712 − 11
amosite, n—the acronym assigned to grunerite asbestos, and derived from the name of the first developers of a major deposit of
this mineral. D2946
amphibole, n—a group of more than 60 different silicate minerals with similar crystal structures and complex compositions that
conform to the nominal formula:
A B C T O OH,F,Cl
~ !
021 2 5 8 22
2
where:
A = K, Na, Ca;
2+
B = Fe , Mn, Mg, Ca, Na;
3+ 2+
C = Al, Cr, Ti, Fe , Mg, Fe ;and
3+
Mn and T = Si, Al, Cr, Fe , Ti.
In some varieties of amphibole, these elements can be partially substituted by Li, Pb, Zn, Be, Ba, or Ni. Amphiboles are
characterized by a complex monoclinic or orthorhombic structure that includes a double chain of T-O tetrahedra with a T:O ratio
of approximately 4:11; a variable morphology that ranges from columnar to prismatic to acicular to fibrous; and good prismatic
cleavage at angles of about 56 and 12
...
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